diff --git a/src/gui/core/callbackbase.cc b/src/gui/core/callbackbase.cc
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..69ceace6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gui/core/callbackbase.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <core/callbackbase.h>
+namespace cdroid{
+    std::atomic_int mCallbackID(0);
+}
diff --git a/src/gui/core/callbackbase.h b/src/gui/core/callbackbase.h
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..27e58409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gui/core/callbackbase.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <functional>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <atomic>
+namespace cdroid{
+
+extern std::atomic_int mCallbackID;
+
+template<typename R,typename... Args>
+class CallbackBase{
+private:
+    using Functor=std::function<R(Args...)>;
+    Functor fun;
+    long mID;
+public:
+    CallbackBase(){fun=nullptr_t();mID=mCallbackID++;}
+    CallbackBase(const Functor&a):CallbackBase(){
+        fun=a;
+    }
+    CallbackBase&operator=(const Functor&a){
+        fun=a;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    CallbackBase&operator=(const CallbackBase&b){
+        mID=b.mID;
+        fun=b.fun;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    bool operator==(const CallbackBase&b)const{
+        return mID==b.mID;
+    }
+    operator bool()const{ return fun!=nullptr;  }
+    operator int() const{ return mID; }
+    bool operator==(nullptr_t)const{
+       return fun==nullptr;
+    }
+    bool operator!=(nullptr_t)const{
+       return fun!=nullptr;
+    }
+    R operator()(Args...args)const{
+        return fun(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+};
+}
+
diff --git a/src/gui/core/choreographer.cc b/src/gui/core/choreographer.cc
index 6a3db151..cc84d3a8 100755
--- a/src/gui/core/choreographer.cc
+++ b/src/gui/core/choreographer.cc
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace cdroid{
             CallbackRecord* predecessor = nullptr;
             for (CallbackRecord* callback = mHead; callback != nullptr;) {
                 CallbackRecord* next = callback->next;
-                if ((/*action == nullptr ||*/ callback->action.ID == action.ID)
+                if ((/*action == nullptr ||*/ callback->action == action)
                     && (token == 0 || callback->token == token)) {
                         if (predecessor != nullptr) {
                             predecessor->next = next;
diff --git a/src/gui/core/context.h b/src/gui/core/context.h
index 9df5b6c3..6a581458 100755
--- a/src/gui/core/context.h
+++ b/src/gui/core/context.h
@@ -5,43 +5,12 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <cairomm/refptr.h>
 #include <cairomm/surface.h>
-
+#include <core/callbackbase.h>
 using namespace Cairo;
 
 namespace cdroid{
-class Runnable{
-public:
-   int ID;
-   std::function<void()>run;
-   Runnable(){
-       run=nullptr;
-   }
-   Runnable(const Runnable&b){
-       run=b.run;
-       ID=b.ID;
-   }
-   Runnable(const std::function<void()>&f){
-       run=f;
-   }
-   void operator=(const std::function<void()>&f){
-       run=f;
-   }
-   void operator=(nullptr_t){
-       run=nullptr;
-   }
-   bool operator==(nullptr_t)const{
-      return run==nullptr;
-   }
-   bool operator!=(nullptr_t)const{
-      return run!=nullptr;
-   }
-   explicit operator bool()const{
-      return run!=nullptr;
-   }
-   void operator()(){
-      run();
-   }
-};
+
+typedef CallbackBase<void> Runnable;
 class Drawable;
 class ColorStateList;
 class Context{
diff --git a/src/gui/core/uieventsource.cc b/src/gui/core/uieventsource.cc
index 10ab48a4..ca0ecb7d 100755
--- a/src/gui/core/uieventsource.cc
+++ b/src/gui/core/uieventsource.cc
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ namespace cdroid{
 
 UIEventSource::UIEventSource(View*v){
     mAttachedView=v;
-    mID=0;
 }
 
 UIEventSource::~UIEventSource(){
@@ -28,18 +27,23 @@ int UIEventSource::handleEvents(){
     }
     if(GraphDevice::getInstance().needCompose())
         GraphDevice::getInstance().ComposeSurfaces();
+    for(auto it=mRunnables.begin();it!=mRunnables.end();it++){
+        LOGV_IF(it->removed,"remove %d",(int)it->run);
+        if(it->removed)it=mRunnables.erase(it);
+    }
     if(hasDelayedRunners()){
         RUNNER runner=mRunnables.front();
-        runner.run();
+        runner.run();//maybe user will removed runnable itself in its runnable'proc,so we use removed flag to flag it
+        LOGV("remove %d",(int)runner.run);
         mRunnables.pop_front(); 
     } 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void UIEventSource::post(Runnable& run,DWORD delayedtime){
+void UIEventSource::post(const Runnable& run,uint32_t delayedtime){
     RUNNER runner;
+    runner.removed=false;
     runner.time=SystemClock::uptimeMillis()+delayedtime;
-    run.ID=mID++;
     runner.run=run;
     for(auto itr=mRunnables.begin();itr!=mRunnables.end();itr++){
         if(runner.time<itr->time){
@@ -58,9 +62,9 @@ bool UIEventSource::hasDelayedRunners()const{
 }
 
 void UIEventSource::removeCallbacks(const Runnable& what){
-    mRunnables.remove_if([&](const RUNNER& m)->bool{
-        return (m.run.ID==what.ID);
-    });
+    for(auto it=mRunnables.begin();it!=mRunnables.end();it++){ 
+        if(it->run==what) it->removed=true;
+    }
 }
 
 }//end namespace
diff --git a/src/gui/core/uieventsource.h b/src/gui/core/uieventsource.h
index cb01f896..4d09ba5f 100755
--- a/src/gui/core/uieventsource.h
+++ b/src/gui/core/uieventsource.h
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ namespace cdroid{
 
 class UIEventSource:public EventHandler{
 private:
-    int mID;
     typedef struct{
-       nsecs_t  time;
-       Runnable run;
+        nsecs_t  time;
+        bool removed;
+        Runnable run;
     }RUNNER;
     std::list<RUNNER>mRunnables;
     View*mAttachedView;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public:
     bool processEvents();
     int checkEvents()override;
     int handleEvents()override;
-    void post(Runnable& run,DWORD delay=0);
+    void post(const Runnable& run,uint32_t delay=0);
     void removeCallbacks(const Runnable& what);
 };
 
diff --git a/src/gui/widget/adapterview.cc b/src/gui/widget/adapterview.cc
index d387e975..65e087dd 100755
--- a/src/gui/widget/adapterview.cc
+++ b/src/gui/widget/adapterview.cc
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ void AdapterView::selectionChanged(){
             // by posting. This ensures that the view tree is
             // in a consistent state and is able to accommodate
             // new layout or invalidate requests.
-            if (mSelectionNotifier == nullptr) {
+            if (mSelectionNotifier==nullptr) {
                 mSelectionNotifier =[this](){
                     mPendingSelectionNotifier = nullptr;
                     if (mDataChanged /*&& getViewRootImpl() && getViewRootImpl().isLayoutRequested()*/) {
diff --git a/src/gui/widget/view.cc b/src/gui/widget/view.cc
index f80ff5ee..67c6f560 100755
--- a/src/gui/widget/view.cc
+++ b/src/gui/widget/view.cc
@@ -3422,18 +3422,19 @@ bool View::onTouchEvent(MotionEvent& mt){
     return false;
 }
 
-void View::postOnAnimation(Runnable action){
+void View::postOnAnimation(const Runnable& action){
     postDelayed(action,10);
 }
-void View::postOnAnimationDelayed(Runnable action, long delayMillis){
+
+void View::postOnAnimationDelayed(const Runnable& action, uint32_t delayMillis){
     postDelayed(action,delayMillis);
 }
 
-void View::post(Runnable& what){
+void View::post(const Runnable& what){
     postDelayed(what,0);
 }
 
-void View::postDelayed(Runnable& what,uint32_t delay){
+void View::postDelayed(const Runnable& what,uint32_t delay){
     View*root=getRootView();
     if(root&&(root!=this))root->postDelayed(what,delay);
 }
diff --git a/src/gui/widget/view.h b/src/gui/widget/view.h
index c11e8bd7..4d3f123e 100755
--- a/src/gui/widget/view.h
+++ b/src/gui/widget/view.h
@@ -354,8 +354,8 @@ protected:
     bool awakenScrollBars();
     bool awakenScrollBars(int startDelay, bool invalidate);
 
-    void postOnAnimation(Runnable action);
-    void postOnAnimationDelayed(Runnable action, long delayMillis);
+    void postOnAnimation(const Runnable& action);
+    void postOnAnimationDelayed(const Runnable& action, uint32_t delayMillis);
     virtual void onSizeChanged(int w,int h,int oldw,int oldh);
     virtual void onScrollChanged(int l, int t, int oldl, int oldt);
     virtual void onLayout(bool ,int,int,int,int);
@@ -679,10 +679,10 @@ public:
     virtual bool onGenericMotionEvent(MotionEvent& event);
     virtual void onHoverChanged(bool hovered);
 	
-    void post(Runnable& what);
+    void post(const Runnable& what);
     void post(const std::function<void()>&what);
     void postDelayed(const std::function<void()>&what,uint32_t delay=0);
-    virtual void postDelayed(Runnable& what,uint32_t delay=0);
+    virtual void postDelayed(const Runnable& what,uint32_t delay=0);
     virtual void removeCallbacks(const Runnable& what);
 
     virtual int getBaseline();
diff --git a/src/gui/widget/window.cc b/src/gui/widget/window.cc
index cfafc5b7..c356e918 100755
--- a/src/gui/widget/window.cc
+++ b/src/gui/widget/window.cc
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ bool Window::onKeyDown(int keyCode,KeyEvent& evt){
 }
 
 
-void Window::postDelayed(Runnable& what,uint32_t delay){
+void Window::postDelayed(const Runnable& what,uint32_t delay){
     if(source)source->post(what,delay);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/gui/widget/window.h b/src/gui/widget/window.h
index b0d9c4f7..78cae7ce 100755
--- a/src/gui/widget/window.h
+++ b/src/gui/widget/window.h
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public:
         sendMessage(this,msgid,wParam,lParam,delayedtime);
     }
     virtual void sendMessage(View*v,DWORD msgid,DWORD wParam,ULONG lParam,DWORD delayedtime=0)override;*/
-    void postDelayed(Runnable& what,uint32_t delay)override;
+    void postDelayed(const Runnable& what,uint32_t delay)override;
     void removeCallbacks(const Runnable& what)override;
     void requestLayout()override;
     static void broadcast(DWORD msgid,DWORD wParam,ULONG lParam);
diff --git a/tests/gui/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/gui/CMakeLists.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c516324c..878a1c3f
--- a/tests/gui/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/gui/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 project(gui_test C CXX)
-
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
 aux_source_directory(./ SRCS_GUI_TESTS)
 
 include_directories(
+   ./
    ${DEPS_DIR}/include
    ${DEPS_DIR}/include/gui
    ${DEPS_DIR}/include/porting
diff --git a/tests/gui/callback.h b/tests/gui/callback.h
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..1dfe82a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gui/callback.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <functional>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <atomic>
+namespace test{
+static std::atomic_int ID(0);
+
+template<typename R,typename... Args>
+class CallbackBase{
+private:
+    using Functor=std::function<R(Args...)>;
+    Functor fun;
+    long mID;
+public:
+    CallbackBase(){fun=nullptr_t();mID=ID++;}
+    CallbackBase(const Functor&a):CallbackBase(){
+        fun=a;
+    }
+    CallbackBase&operator=(const Functor&a){
+        fun=a;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    CallbackBase&operator=(const CallbackBase&b){
+        mID=b.mID;
+        fun=b.fun;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    bool operator==(const CallbackBase&b){
+        return mID==b.mID;
+    }
+    operator bool()const{
+        return fun!=nullptr;
+    }
+    R operator()(Args...args)const{
+        return fun(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+};
+}
diff --git a/tests/gui/callback_tests.cc b/tests/gui/callback_tests.cc
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..647ab62f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gui/callback_tests.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <ngl_os.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <core/systemclock.h>
+#include <cdlog.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <callback.h>
+
+class CALLBACK:public testing::Test{
+
+   public :
+   virtual void SetUp(){
+   }
+   virtual void TearDown(){
+   }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CALLBACK,loop){
+   test::CallbackBase<void> c0([](){});
+   test::CallbackBase<void,int> c1([](int a){printf("a=%d\r\n",a);});
+   test::CallbackBase<void,int,int>cb2([](int a,int b){printf("a=%d,b=%d\r\n",a,b);});
+   test::CallbackBase<int,int,int>cbr2([](int a,int b){return a+b;});
+   c1(123);
+   cb2(123,456);
+   printf("cbr2=%d\r\n",cbr2(234,345));
+   cbr2=[](int a,int b){return a*b;};
+   printf("cbr2=%d\r\n",cbr2(234,345));
+}