Introduction

---

DrissionPage, a combination of driver and session, is a python- based Web automation operation integration tool.
It achieves seamless switching between selenium and requests.
Therefore, the convenience of selenium and the high efficiency of requests can be balanced.
It integrates the common functions of the page, the API of the two modes is consistent, and it is easy to use.
It uses the POM mode to encapsulate the commonly used methods of page elements, which is very suitable for automatic operation function expansion.
What's even better is that its usage is very concise and user- friendly, with a small amount of code and friendly to novices.

project address:

• https://github.com/g1879/DrissionPage
• https://gitee.com/g1879/DrissionPage

Sample address: Use DrissionPage to crawl common websites and automation

**Contact Email: ** g1879@qq.com

Concept and background

---

Idea

Concise, easy to use, extensible

Background

When the requests crawler faces the website to be logged in, it has to analyze data packets and JS source code, construct complex requests, and often has to deal with anti- climbing methods such as verification codes, JS confusion, and signature parameters, which has a high threshold. If the data is generated by JS calculation, the calculation process must be reproduced. The experience is not good and the development efficiency is not high.
Using selenium, these pits can be bypassed to a large extent, but selenium is not efficient. Therefore, this library combines selenium and requests into one, switches the corresponding mode when different needs, and provides a user- friendly method to improve development and operation efficiency.
In addition to merging the two, the library also encapsulates common functions in web pages, simplifies selenium's operations and statements. When used for web page automation, it reduces the consideration of details, focuses on function implementation, and makes it more convenient to use.
Keep everything simple, try to provide simple and direct usage, and be more friendly to novices.

Features

---

• The first pursuit is simple code.
• Allow seamless switching between selenium and requests, sharing session.
• The two modes provide consistent APIs, and the user experience is consistent.
• Humanized page element operation mode, reducing the workload of page analysis and coding.
• The common functions are integrated and optimized, which is more in line with actual needs.
• Compatible with selenium code to facilitate project migration.
• Use POM mode packaging for easy expansion.
• A unified file download method makes up for the lack of browser downloads.
• Simple configuration method, get rid of tedious browser configuration.

Project structure

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Structure diagram

Drission Class

Manage the WebDriver object and Session object responsible for communicating with the web page, which is equivalent to the role of the driver.

MixPage Class

MixPage encapsulates the common functions of page operation. It calls the driver managed in the Drission class to access and operate the page. Can switch between driver and session mode. The login status will be automatically synchronized when switching.

DriverElement class

The page element class in driver mode can perform operations such as clicking on the element, inputting text, modifying attributes, running js, etc., and can also search for descendant elements at its lower level.

SessionElement Class

The page element class in session mode can obtain element attribute values and search for descendant elements at its lower levels.

Simple demo

---

Comparison with selenium code

The following code implements exactly the same function, compare the amount of code between the two:

• Find the first element whose text contains some text with explicit wait

# Use selenium:
element = WebDriverWait(driver).until(ec.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,'//*[contains(text(), "some text")]')))

# Use DrissionPage:
element = page('some text')

• Jump to the first tab

# Use selenium:
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0])

# Use DrissionPage:
page.to_tab(0)

• Select drop- down list by text

# Use selenium:
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
select_element = Select(element)
select_element.select_by_visible_text('text')

# Use DrissionPage:
element.select('text')

• Drag and drop an element

# Use selenium:
ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(ele1, ele2).perform()

# Use DrissionPage:
ele1.drag_to(ele2)

• Scroll the window to the bottom (keep the horizontal scroll bar unchanged)

# Use selenium:
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(document.documentElement.scrollLeft, document.body.scrollHeight);")

# Use DrissionPage:
page.scroll_to('bottom')

• Set headless mode

# Use selenium:
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("- - headless")

# Use DrissionPage:
set_headless()

• Get pseudo element content

# Use selenium:
text = webdriver.execute_script('return window.getComputedStyle(arguments[0], "::after").getPropertyValue("content");', element)

# Use DrissionPage:
text = element.after

• Get shadow- root

# Use selenium:
shadow_element = webdriver.execute_script('return arguments[0].shadowRoot', element)

# Use DrissionPage:
shadow_element = element.shadow_root

• Use xpath to get attributes or text nodes directly

# Use selenium:
Quite complicated

# Use DrissionPage:
class_name = element('xpath://div[@id="div_id"]/@class')
text = element('xpath://div[@id="div_id"]/text()[2]')

Compare with requests code

The following code implements exactly the same function, compare the amount of code between the two:

• Get element content

url ='https://baike.baidu.com/item/python'

# Use requests:
from lxml import etree
headers = {'User- Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2272.118 Safari/537.36'}
response = requests.get(url, headers = headers)
html = etree.HTML(response.text)
element = html.xpath('//h1')[0]
title = element.text

# Use DrissionPage:
page = MixPage('s')
page.get(url)
title = page('tag:h1').text

Tips: DrissionPage comes with default headers

• download file

url ='https://www.baidu.com/img/flexible/logo/pc/result.png'
save_path = r'C:\download'

# Use requests:
r = requests.get(url)
with open(f'{save_path}\\img.png','wb') as fd:
   for chunk in r.iter_content():
       fd.write(chunk)
        
# Use DrissionPage:
page.download(url, save_path,'img')  # Support renaming and handle file name conflicts

Mode switch

Log in to the website with selenium, and then switch to requests to read the web page. Both will share login information.

page = MixPage()  # Create page object, default driver mode
page.get('https://gitee.com/profile')  # Visit the personal center page (not logged in, redirect to the login page)

page.ele('@id:user_login').input('your_user_name')  # Use selenium to enter the account password to log in
page.ele('@id:user_password').input('your_password\n')

page.change_mode()  # Switch to session mode
print('Title after login:', page.title,'\n')  # session mode output after login

Output:

Title after login: Personal Information- Code Cloud Gitee.com

Get and print element attributes

# Connect the previous code
foot = page.ele('@id:footer- left')  # find element by id
first_col = foot.ele('css:>div')  # Use the css selector to find the element in the lower level of the element (the first one)
lnk = first_col.ele('text: Command Learning')  # Use text content to find elements
text = lnk.text  # Get element text
href = lnk.attr('href')  # Get element attribute value

print(text, href,'\n')

# Concise mode series search
text = page('@id:footer- left')('css:>div')('text:command learning').text
print(text)

Output:

Git command learning https://oschina.gitee.io/learn- git- branching/

Git command learning

download file

url ='https://www.baidu.com/img/flexible/logo/pc/result.png'
save_path = r'C:\download'
page.download(url, save_path)

Installation

---

pip install DrissionPage

Only supports python3.6 and above, and the driver mode currently only supports chrome.It has only been tested in the Windows environment. To use the driver mode, you must download chrome and corresponding version of chromedriver. [chromedriver download]
The get_match_driver() method in the easy_set tool can automatically identify the chrome version and download the matching driver.

Instructions

---

Import module

from DrissionPage import MixPage

Initialization

If you only use session mode, you can skip this section.

Before using selenium, you must configure the path of chrome.exe and chromedriver.exe and ensure that their versions match.
In the new version, if the program finds that their versions do not match when running, it will automatically download the corresponding version and set the path. If there is no special need, no manual intervention is required.

There are four ways to configure the path:

• Run directly, let the program automatically complete the settings (recommended)

• Use the get_match_driver() method of the easy_set tool

• Write the path to the ini file of this library

• Write two paths to system variables

• Fill in the path in the code

auto configuration

In the new version, you don't need to do any configuration, just run the program directly, the program will get the path of chrome.exe in the system, and automatically download the chromedriver.exe that matches the version. No feeling at all. If you need to set the chrome.exe used by yourself, you can use the following method.

Use the get_match_driver() method

If you choose this method, please run the following code before using it for the first time. The program will automatically detect the chrome version installed on your computer, download the corresponding driver, and record it in the ini file.

from DrissionPage.easy_set import get_match_driver

get_match_driver()

Output:

ini文件中chrome.exe路径 D:\Google Chrome\Chrome\chrome.exe 

version 75.0.3770.100 

chromedriver_win32.zip
Downloading to: D:\python\projects\DrissionPage\DrissionPage
 100% Success.

解压路径 D:\python\projects\chromedriver.exe 

正在检测可用性...
版本匹配，可正常使用。

Then you can start using it.

If you want to use the specified chrome.exe (green version), and specify the ini file and the save path of chromedriver.exe, you can write:

get_match_driver(ini_path ='ini file path', save_path ='save path', chrome_path='chrome path')

Tips: When you specify chrome_path, the program writes this path to the INI file after successful detection.

Use set_paths() method

If the previous method fails, you can download chromedriver.exe yourself, and then run the following code to record the path to the ini file.

from DrissionPage.easy_set import set_paths
driver_path ='D:\\chrome\\chromedriver.exe' # Your chromedriver.exe path, if not filled in, it will be searched in system variables
chrome_path ='D:\\chrome\\chrome.exe' # Your chrome.exe path, if not filled in, it will be searched in system variables
set_paths(driver_path, chrome_path)

This method also checks whether the chrome and chromedriver versions match, and displays:

正在检测可用性...
版本匹配，可正常使用。

or

出现异常：
Message: session not created: Chrome version must be between 70 and 73
  (Driver info: chromedriver=73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e38e22703e856e101e840b65afe72),platform=Windows NT 10.0.19631 x86_64)
可执行easy_set.get_match_driver()自动下载匹配的版本。
或自行从以下网址下载：https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads

After passing the check, you can use the driver mode normally.

In addition to the above two paths, this method can also set the following paths:

debugger_address  # Debug browser address, such as: 127.0.0.1:9222
download_path  # Download file path
tmp_path  # Temporary folder path
user_data_path  # User data path
cache_path  # cache path

Tips:

• Different projects may require different versions of chrome and chromedriver. You can also save multiple ini files and use them as needed.
• It is recommended to use the green version of chrome, and manually set the path, to avoid browser upgrades causing mismatch with the chromedriver version.
• It is recommended to set the debugger_address when debugging the project and use the manually opened browser to debug, saving time and effort.

Other methods

If you don't want to use the ini file (for example, when you want to package the project), you can write the above two paths in the system path, or fill in the program. See the next section for the use of the latter.

Create drive object Drission

The creation step is not necessary. If you want to get started quickly, you can skip this section. The MixPage object will automatically create the object.

Drission objects are used to manage driver and session objects. When multiple pages work together, the Drission object is used to pass the driver, so that multiple page classes can control the same browser or Session object. The configuration information of the ini file can be directly read and created, or the configuration information can be passed in during initialization.

# Create from the default ini file
drission = Drission()

# Create by other ini files
drission = Drission(ini_path ='D:\\settings.ini')

# Create without ini files
drission = Drission(read_file = False)

To manually pass in the configuration (ignore the ini file):

from DrissionPage.config import DriverOptions

# Create a driver configuration object, read_file = False means not to read the ini file
do = DriverOptions(read_file = False)

# Set the path, if it has been set in the system variable, it can be ignored
do.set_paths(chrome_path ='D:\\chrome\\chrome.exe',
              driver_path ='D:\\chrome\\chromedriver.exe')

# Settings for s mode
session_options = {'headers': {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6)'}}

# Proxy settings, optional
proxy = {'http': '127.0.0.1:1080','https': '127.0.0.1:1080'}

# Incoming configuration, driver_or_options and session_or_options are optional, you need to use the corresponding mode to pass in
drission = Drission(driver_or_options, session_or_options, proxy=proxy)

The usage of DriverOptions and SessionOptions is detailed below.

Use page object MixPage

The MixPage page object encapsulates common web page operations and realizes the switch between driver and session modes. MixPage must control a Drission object and use its driver or session. If it is not passed in, MixPage will create one by itself (using the incoming configuration information or reading from the default ini file).

Tips: When multiple objects work together, you can pass the Drission object in one MixPage to another, so that multiple objects can share login information or operate the same page.

Create Object

There are three ways to create objects: simple, passing in Drission objects, and passing in configuration. Can be selected according to actual needs.

# Simple creation method, automatically create Drission objects with ini file default configuration
page = MixPage()
page = MixPage('s')

# Create by passing in the Drission object
page = MixPage(drission)
page = MixPage(drission, mode='s', timeout=5)  # session mode, waiting time is 5 seconds (default 10 seconds)

# Incoming configuration information, MixPage internally creates Drission according to the configuration
page = MixPage(driver_options=DriverOption, session_options=SessionOption)  # default d mode

visit website

# Default mode
page.get(url)
page.post(url, data, **kwargs)  # Only session mode has post method

# Specify the number of retries and interval
page.get(url, retry=5, interval=0.5)

Tips: If there is an error in the connection, the program will automatically retry twice. The number of retries and the waiting interval can be specified.

Switch mode

Switch between s and d modes, the cookies and the URL you are visiting will be automatically synchronized when switching.

page.change_mode(go=False)  # If go is False, it means that the url is not redirected

Tips: When using a method unique to a certain mode, it will automatically jump to that mode.

Page properties

page.url  # currently visited url
page.mode  # current mode
page.drission  # Dirssion object currently in use
page.driver  # WebDirver object currently in use
page.session  # Session object currently in use
page.cookies  # Get cookies information
page.html  # Page source code
page.title  # Current page title

# d mode unique:
page.tabs_count  # Return the number of tab pages
page.tab_handles  # Return to the handle list of all tabs
page.current_tab_num  # Return the serial number of the current tab page
page.current_tab_handle  # Return to the current tab page handle

Page operation

When calling a method that only belongs to d mode, it will automatically switch to d mode. See APIs for detailed usage.

page.set_cookies()  # set cookies
page.get_cookies()  # Get cookies, which can be returned by list or dict
page.change_mode()  # Switch mode, it will automatically copy cookies
page.cookies_to_session()  # Copy cookies from WebDriver object to Session object
page.cookies_to_driver()  # Copy cookies from Session object to WebDriver object
page.get(url, retry, interval,
         **kwargs)  # Use get to access the web page, you can specify the number of retries and the interval
page.ele(loc_or_ele, timeout)  # Get the first element, node or attribute that meets the conditions
page.eles(loc_or_ele, timeout)  # Get all eligible elements, nodes or attributes
page.download(url, save_path, rename, file_exists, **kwargs)  # download file
page.close_driver()  # Close the WebDriver object
page.close_session()  # Close the Session object

# s mode unique:
page.post(url, data, retry, interval,
          **kwargs)  # To access the webpage in post mode, you can specify the number of retries and the interval

# d mode unique:
page.wait_ele(loc_or_ele, mode, timeout)  # Wait for the element to be deleted, displayed, and hidden from the dom
page.run_script(js, *args)  # Run js statement
page.create_tab(url)  # Create and locate a tab page, which is at the end
page.to_tab(num_or_handle)  # Jump to tab page
page.close_current_tab()  # Close the current tab page
page.close_other_tabs(num_or_handles)  # Close other tabs
page.to_frame(iframe)  # cut into iframe
page.screenshot(path)  # Page screenshot
page.scrool_to_see(element)  # Scroll until an element is visible
page.scroll_to(mode,
               pixel)  # Scroll the page as indicated by the parameter, and the scroll direction is optional:'top', 'bottom', 'rightmost', 'leftmost', 'up', 'down', 'left', ' right', 'half'
page.refresh()  # refresh the current page
page.back()  # Browser back
page.et_window_size(x, y)  # Set the browser window size, maximize by default
page.check_page()  # Check whether the page meets expectations
page.chrome_downloading()  # Get the list of files that chrome is downloading
page.process_alert(mode, text)  # Process the prompt box

Use of cookies

MixPage supports obtaining and setting cookies. The specific usage methods are as follows:

page.cookies # Return cookies in dictionary form, only cookies available for the current domain name will be returned
page.get_cookies(as_dict=False) # Return the cookies available for the current domain name in the form of a list, each cookie contains all the detailed information
page.get_cookies(all_domains=True) # Return all cookies in list form, only s mode is valid
page.set_cookies(cookies) # Set cookies, you can pass in RequestsCookieJar, list, tuple, str, dict

Tips:

• After setting cookies in d mode, you must refresh the page to see the effect.

• The s mode can set cookies in the ini file, SessionOptions, and configuration dictionary, which can be passed in when MixPage is initialized. The d mode can only be set with the set_cookies() function.

Find element

ele() returns the first eligible element, and eles() returns a list of all eligible elements. You can use these two functions under the page object or element object to find subordinate elements.

page.eles() and element.eles() search and return a list of all elements that meet the conditions.

Description:

• The element search timeout is 10 seconds by default, and it stops waiting when it times out or finds an element. You can also set it as needed.
• -You can find elements with query string or selenium native loc tuple (s mode can also be used) -The query string has 7 methods such as @attribute name, tag, text, xpath, css, ., #, etc.

# Find by attribute
page.ele('@id:ele_id', timeout = 2)  # Find the element whose id is ele_id and set the waiting time for 2 seconds
page.eles('@class')  # Find all elements with class attribute
page.eles('@class:class_name')  # Find all elements that have ele_class in class
page.eles('@class=class_name')  # Find all elements whose class is equal to ele_class

# Find by class or id
page.ele('#ele_id') # equivalent to page.ele('@id=ele_id')
page.ele('#:ele_id') # equivalent to page.ele('@id:ele_id')
page.ele('.ele_class') # equivalent to page.ele('@class=ele_class')
page.ele('.:ele_class') # equivalent to page.ele('@class:ele_class')

# Find by tag name
page.ele('tag:li')  # Find the first li element
page.eles('tag:li')  # Find all li elements

# Find according to tag name and attributes
page.ele('tag:div@class=div_class')  # Find the div element whose class is div_class
page.ele('tag:div@class:ele_class')  # Find div elements whose class contains ele_class
page.ele('tag:div@class=ele_class')  # Find div elements whose class is equal to ele_class
page.ele('tag:div@text():search_text')  # Find div elements whose text contains search_text
page.ele('tag:div@text()=search_text')  # Find the div element whose text is equal to search_text

# Find according to text content
page.ele('search text')  # find the element containing the incoming text
page.eles('text:search text')  # If the text starts with @, tag:, css:, xpath:, text:, you should add text: in front to avoid conflicts
page.eles('text=search text')  # The text is equal to the element of search_text

# Find according to xpath or css selector
page.eles('xpath://div[@class="ele_class"]')
page.eles('css:div.ele_class')

# Find according to loc
loc1 = By.ID,'ele_id'
loc2 = By.XPATH,'//div[@class="ele_class"]'
page.ele(loc1)
page.ele(loc2)

# Find lower- level elements
element = page.ele('@id:ele_id')
element.ele('@class:class_name')  # Find the first element whose class is ele_class at the lower level of element
element.eles('tag:li')  # find all li elements under ele_id

# Find by location
element.parent  # parent element
element.next  # next sibling element
element.prev  # previous sibling element

# Get the shadow-root and treat it as an element. Only support open shadow-root
ele1 = element.shadow_root.ele('tag:div')

# Chain search
page.ele('@id:ele_id').ele('tag:div').next.ele('some text').eles('tag:a')

# Simplified writing
eles = page('@id:ele_id')('tag:div').next('some text').eles('tag:a')
ele2 = ele1('tag:li').next('some text')

Get element attributes

element.html  # Return element outerHTML
element.inner_html  # Return element innerHTML
element.tag  # Return element tag name
element.text  # Return element innerText value
element.comments  # Returns the list of comments within the element
element.link  # Returns absolute href or src value of the element.
element.texts()  # Returns the text of all direct child nodes in the element, including elements and text nodes, you can specify to return only text nodes
element.attrs  # Return a dictionary of all attributes of the element
element.attr(attr)  # Return the value of the specified attribute of the element
element.css_path  # Return the absolute css path of the element
element.xpath  # Return the absolute xpath path of the element
element.parent  # Return element parent element
element.next  # Return the next sibling element of the element
element.prev  # Return the previous sibling element of the element
element.parents(num)  # Return the numth parent element
element.nexts(num, mode)  # Return the following elements or nodes
element.prevs(num, mode)  # Return the first few elements or nodes
element.ele(loc_or_str, timeout)  # Return the first sub- element, attribute or node text of the current element that meets the conditions
element.eles(loc_or_str, timeout)  # Return all eligible sub- elements, attributes or node texts of the current element

# d mode unique:
element.before  # Get pseudo element before content
element.after  # Get pseudo element after content
element.is_valid  # Used to determine whether the element is still in dom
element.size  # Get element size
element.location  # Get element location
element.shadow_root  # Get the ShadowRoot element under the element
element.get_style_property(style, pseudo_ele)  # Get element style attribute value, can get pseudo element
element.is_selected()  # Returns whether the element is selected
element.is_enabled()  # Returns whether the element is available
element.is_displayed()  # Returns whether the element is visible

Element operation

Element operation is unique to d mode. Calling the following method will automatically switch to d mode.

element.click(by_js)  # Click the element, you can choose whether to click with js
element.click_at(x, y, by_js)  # Click this element with offset, relative to the upper left corner coordinate. Click the midpoint of the element when the x or y value is not passed in, and you can choose whether to click with js
element.input(value, clear)  # Input text or key combination, and input the key combination in tuple format. The clear parameter is whether to clear the element before input.
element.run_script(js, *args)  # Run JavaScript script on the element
element.submit()  # Submit
element.clear()  # Clear the element
element.screenshot(path, filename)  # Take a screenshot of the element
element.set_attr(attr, value)  # Set element attribute value
element.remove_attr(attr)  # remove a element attribute
element.drag(x, y, speed, shake)  # Drag the relative distance of the element, you can set the speed and whether to shake randomly
element.drag_to(ele_or_loc, speed, shake)  # Drag the element to another element or a certain coordinate, you can set the speed and whether to shake randomly
element.hover()  # Hover the mouse over the element

# select function:
element.select.is_multi # Whether to select multiple lists
element.select.options # Return all list item objects
element.select.selected_option # Return the first selected option element
element.select.selected_options # Return a list of all selected option elements

element.select(text) # Select the drop-down list item based on the text
element.select(value,'value') # Select the drop-down list item according to the value
element.select(index,'index') # Select the drop-down list item according to the serial number

element.select.deselect(text) # Deselect drop-down list items based on the text (valid for multiple selection lists)
element.select.deselect(value,'value') # Deselect drop-down list items according to value (valid for multiple selection lists)
element.select.deselect(index,'index') # Deselect drop-down list items according to the serial number (valid for multiple selection lists)
# Note: When the list is a multi-selection list, the first parameter above can receive list or tuple, and select or deselect multiple items at the same time

element.select.clear() # Clear multiple selection list options
element.select.invert() # Invert multiple selection list options

shadow-dom operation

Supports obtaining shadow-root and internal elements. The obtained shadow-root element type is ShadowRootElement. The usage is similar to normal elements, but the function is simplified.

note:

• Only open shadow-root can be obtained

• Find shadow-root internal elements cannot use xpath method

Get the shadow-root element attached to the ordinary element

shadow_root_element = element.shadow_root # element is an ordinary element containing shadow-root

Properties and methods

shadow_root_element.tag # return'shadow-root'
shadow_root_element.html # html content
shadow_root_element.parent # parent element
shadow_root_element.next # Next sibling element

shadow_root_element.parents(num) # Get upward num parent elements
shadow_root_element.nexts(num) # Get backward num sibling elements
shadow_root_element.ele(loc_or_str) # Get the first eligible internal element
shadow_root_element.eles(loc_or_str) # Get all eligible internal elements
shadow_root_element.run_scrpit(js_text) # Run js script
shadow_root_element.is_enabled() # Returns whether the element is available
shadow_root_element.is_valid() # Returns whether the element is still in dom

Tips: The elements obtained by the above attributes or methods are ordinary DriverElement. For usage, please refer to the above.

Splicing with selenium or requests code

DrissionPage code can be seamlessly spliced with selenium and requests code. You can use Selenium's WebDriver object directly, or you can export your own WebDriver to selenium code. The Session object of requests can also be passed directly. Make the migration of existing projects very convenient.

selenium to DrissionPage

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')

page = MixPage(Drission(driver))  # Pass the driver to Drission, create a MixPage object
print(page.title)  # Print result: 百度一下，你就知道
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div') # Use selenium native functions

DrissionPage to selenium

page = MixPage()
page.get('https://www.baidu.com')

driver = page.driver  # Get the WebDriver object from the MixPage object
print(driver.title)  # Print results: 百度一下，你就知道

requests to DrissionPage

session = requets.Session()
drission = Drission(session_or_options=session)
page = MixPage(drission, mode='s')

page.get('https://www.baidu.com')

DrissionPage to requests

page = MixPage('s')
session = page.session

response = session.get('https://www.baidu.com')

requests function usage

Connection parameters

In addition to passing in configuration information and connection parameters when creating, if necessary, you can also set connection parameters every time you visit the URL in the s mode.

headers = {'User-Agent':'...',}
cookies = {'name':'value',}
proxies = {'http': '127.0.0.1:1080','https': '127.0.0.1:1080'}
page.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, proxies=proxies)

Tips:

-If the connection parameters are not specified, the s mode will automatically fill in the Host and Referer attributes according to the current domain name -The Session configuration passed in when creating MixPage is globally effective

Response object

The Response object obtained by requests is stored in page.response and can be used directly. Such as:

print(page.response.status_code)
print(page.response.headers)

download file

Selenium lacks effective management of browser download files, and it is difficult to detect download status, rename, and fail management. Using requests to download files can better achieve the above functions, but the code is more cumbersome. Therefore, DrissionPage encapsulates the download method and integrates the advantages of the two. You can obtain login information from selenium and download it with requests. To make up for the shortcomings of selenium, make the download simple and efficient.

Features

• Specify download path
• Rename the file without filling in the extension, the program will automatically add
• When there is a file with the same name, you can choose to rename, overwrite, skip, etc.
• Show download progress
• Support post method
• Support custom connection parameters

Demo

url ='https://www.baidu.com/img/flexible/logo/pc/result.png'  # file url
save_path = r'C:\download'  # save path

# Rename to img.png, and automatically add a serial number to the end of the file name when there is a duplicate name to display the download progress
page.download(url, save_path,'img','rename', show_msg=True)

Chrome Settings

The configuration of chrome is very cumbersome. In order to simplify the use, this library provides setting methods for common configurations.

DriverOptions Object

The DriverOptions object inherits from the Options object of selenium.webdriver.chrome.options, and the following methods are added to it:

options.remove_argument(value) # Remove an argument value
options.remove_experimental_option(key) # delete an experimental_option setting
options.remove_all_extensions() # Remove all plugins
options.save() # Save the currently opened ini file
options.save('D:\\settings.ini') # Save to the specified path ini file
options.save('default') # Save the current settings to the default ini file
options.set_argument(arg, value) # set argument property
options.set_headless(on_off) # Set whether to use interfaceless mode
options.set_no_imgs(on_off) # Set whether to load images
options.set_no_js(on_off) # Set whether to disable js
options.set_mute(on_off) # Set whether to mute
options.set_user_agent(user_agent) # set user agent
options.set_proxy(proxy) # Set proxy address
options.set_paths(driver_path, chrome_path, debugger_address, download_path, user_data_path, cache_path) # Set browser-related paths

Instructions

do = DriverOptions() # read the default ini file to create a DriverOptions object
do = DriverOptions('D:\\settings.ini') # read the specified ini file to create a DriverOptions object
do = DriverOptions(read_file=False) # Do not read the ini file, create an empty DriverOptions object

do.set_headless(False) # show the browser interface
do.set_no_imgs(True) # Do not load pictures
do.set_paths(driver_path='D:\\chromedriver.exe', chrome_path='D:\\chrome.exe') # set path
do.set_headless(False).set_no_imgs(True) # Support chain operation

drission = Drission(driver_or_options=do) # Create Drission object with configuration object
page = MixPage(driver_options=do) # Create MixPage object with configuration object

do.save() # save the currently opened ini file
do.save('D:\\settings.ini') # save to the specified ini file
do.save('default') # Save the current settings to the default ini file

Session Settings

SessionOPtions Object

The SessionOptions object is used to manage the configuration information of the Session. It reads the default ini file configuration information by default when it is created, or you can manually set the required information.

Configurable properties:

headers, cookies, auth, proxies, hooks, params, verify, cert, adapters, stream, trust_env, max_redirects.

Tips: cookies can receive information in dict, list, tuple, str, RequestsCookieJar and other formats.

Instructions

so = SessionOptions() # read the default ini file to create a SessionOptions object
so = SessionOptions('D:\\settings.ini') # read the specified ini file to create a SessionOptions object
so = SessionOptions(read_file=False) # Do not read the ini file, create an empty SessionOptions object

so.cookies = ['key1=val1; domain=xxxx','key2=val2; domain=xxxx'] # set cookies
so.headers = {'User-Agent':'xxxx','Accept-Charset':'xxxx'}
so.set_a_header('Connection','keep-alive')

drission = Drission(session_or_options=so) # Create Drission object with configuration object
page = MixPage(session_options=so) # Create MixPage object with configuration object

so.save() # Save the currently opened ini file
so.save('D:\\settings.ini') # save to the specified ini file
so.save('default') # Save the current settings to the default ini file

Save configuration

Because there are many configurations of chrome and headers, an ini file is set up specifically to save common configurations. You can use the OptionsManager object to get and save the configuration, and use the DriverOptions object to modify the chrome configuration. You can also save multiple ini files and call them according to different projects.

Tips: It is recommended to save the commonly used configuration files to another path to prevent the configuration from being reset when the library is upgraded.

ini file content

The ini file has three parts by default: paths, chrome_options, and session_options. The initial content is as follows.

[paths]
; chromedriver.exe path
chromedriver_path =
; Temporary folder path, used to save screenshots, file downloads, etc.
tmp_path =

[chrome_options]
; The address and port of the opened browser, such as 127.0.0.1:9222
debugger_address =
; chrome.exe path
binary_location =
; Configuration information
arguments = [
            ; Hide browser window
            '- - headless',
            ; Mute
            '- - mute- audio',
            ; No sandbox
            '- - no- sandbox',
            ; Google documentation mentions that this attribute needs to be added to avoid bugs
            '- - disable- gpu',
            ; Ignore warning
            'ignore- certificate- errors',
            ; Do not display the information bar
            '- - disable- infobars'
            ]
; Plugin
extensions = []
; Experimental configuration
experimental_options = {
                       'prefs': {
                       ; Download does not pop up
                       'profile.default_content_settings.popups': 0,
                       ; No popup
                       'profile.default_content_setting_values': {'notifications': 2},
                       ; Disable PDF plugin
                       'plugins.plugins_list': [{"enabled": False, "name": "Chrome PDF Viewer"}]
                       },
                       ; Set to developer mode, anti- reptile
                       'excludeSwitches': ["enable- automation"],
                       'useAutomationExtension': False
                       }

[session_options]
headers = {
          "User- Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.1.2 Safari/603.3.8",
          "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
          "Connection": "keep- alive",
          "Accept- Charset": "utf- 8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7"
          }

OptionsManager Object

The OptionsManager object is used to read, set and save the configuration.

manager.paths # Return path settings in dictionary form
manager.chrome_options # Return chrome settings in dictionary form
manager.session_options # Return session settings in dictionary form
manager.get_value(section, item) # Get the value of a configuration
manager.get_option(section) # Return all attributes of configuration in dictionary format
manager.set_item(section, item, value) # Set configuration properties
manager.manager.save() # Save the currently opened ini file
manager.save('D:\\settings.ini') # Save to the specified path ini file
manager.save('default') # Save the current settings to the default ini file

Usage example

from DrissionPage.configs import *

options_manager = OptionsManager() # Create OptionsManager object from the default ini file
options_manager = OptionsManager('D:\\settings.ini') # Create OptionsManager object from other ini files
driver_path = options_manager.get_value('paths','chromedriver_path') # read path information
options_manager.save() # Save the currently opened ini file
options_manager.save('D:\\settings.ini') # Save to the specified path ini file

drission = Drission(ini_path='D:\\settings.ini') # Use the specified ini file to create the object

easy_set method

Methods to quickly modify common settings. All for driver mode settings. Calling the easy_set method will modify the content of the default ini file.

get_match_driver() # Identify the chrome version and automatically download the matching chromedriver.exe
show_settings() # Print all settings
set_headless(True) # Turn on headless mode
set_no_imgs(True) # Turn on no image mode
set_no_js(True) # Disable JS
set_mute(True) # Turn on mute mode
set_user_agent('Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Int......') # set user agent
set_proxy('127.0.0.1:8888') # set proxy
set_paths(paths) # See [Initialization] section
set_argument(arg, value) # Set the attribute. If the attribute has no value (such as'zh_CN.UTF-8'), the value is bool to indicate the switch; otherwise, the value is str. When the value is'' or False, delete the attribute item
check_driver_version() # Check if chrome and chromedriver versions match

POM mode

---

MixPage encapsulates common page operations and can be easily used for extension.

Example: extend a list page reading class

import re
from time import sleep
from DrissionPage import *

class ListPage(MixPage):
    """This class encapsulates the method of reading the list page. According to the necessary 4 elements, the isomorphic list page can be read
    (Chinese variable is really fragrant) """
    def __init__(self, drission: Drission, url: str = None, **xpaths):
        super().__init__(drission)
        self._url = url
        self.xpath_column name = xpaths['column name']  # [xpath string, regular expression]
        self.xpath_next page = xpaths['next page']
        self.xpath_lines = xpaths['line']
        self.xpath_page number = xpaths['page number']  # [xpath string, regular expression]
        self.total pages = self.get_total pages()
        if url:
            self.get(url)

    def get_column name (self) - > str:
        if self.xpath_ column name[1]:
            s = self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_column name[0]}').text
            r = re.search(self.xpath_column name[1], s)
            return r.group(1)
        else:
            return self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_column name[0]}').text

    def get_total number of pages (self) - > int:
        if self.xpath_page number[1]:
            s = self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_number of pages[0]}').text
            r = re.search(self.xpath_number of pages[1], s)
            return int(r.group(1))
        else:
            return int(self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_number of pages[0]}').text)

    def click_next page(self, wait: float = None):
        self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_next page}').click()
        if wait:
            sleep(wait)

    def get_ current page list (self, content to be crawled: list) - > list:
        """
        Format of content to be crawled: [[xpath1,parameter1],[xpath2,parameter2]...]
        Return list format: [[Parameter1,Parameter2...],[Parameter1,Parameter2...]...]
        """
        Result list = []
        Line s = self.eles(f'xpath:{self.xpath_lines}')
        for line in line s:
            Row result = []
            for j in content to be crawled:
                Line result.append(line.ele(f'xpath:{j[0]}').attr(j[1]))
            Result list.append (row result)
            print(line result)
        return result list

    def get_list(self, content to be crawled: list, wait: float = None) - > list:
        List = self.get_ current page list (content to be crawled)
        for _ in range(self. total pages- 1):
            self.click_next page(wait)
            List.extend(self.get_current page list (content to be crawled))
        return list

Other

---

DriverPage and SessionPage

If you don't need to switch modes, you can only use DriverPage or SessionPage as needed, and the usage is the same as MixPage.

from DrissionPage.session_page import SessionPage
from DrissionPage.drission import Drission

session = Drission().session
page = SessionPage(session)  # Pass in Session object
page.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(page.ele('@id:su').text)  # Output: Baidu

driver = Drission().driver
page = DriverPage(driver)  # Pass in Driver object
page.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(page.ele('@id:su').text)  # Output: Baidu

APIs

---

Drission Class

class Drission()

The Drission class is used to manage WebDriver objects and Session objects, and is the role of the driver.

Parameter Description:

• driver_or_options: [WebDriver, dict, Options, DriverOptions] - WebDriver object or chrome configuration parameters.
• session_or_options: [Session, dict] - Session object configuration parameters
• ini_path: str - ini file path, the default is the ini file under the DrissionPage folder
• proxy: dict - proxy settings

session

Return the Session object, which is automatically initialized according to the configuration information.

Returns: Session- the managed Session object

driver

Return the WebDriver object, which is automatically initialized according to the configuration information.

Returns: WebDriver- Managed WebDriver object

driver_options

Return or set the driver configuration.

Returns: dict

session_options

Return session configuration.

Returns: dict

proxy

Return proxy configuration.

Returns: dict

debugger_progress

Return debug browser process.

Returns: debug browser process

session_options()

Set the session configuration.

Returns: None

cookies_to_session()

Copy the cookies of the driver object to the session object.

Parameter Description:

• copy_user_agent: bool - whether to copy user_agent to session

Returns: None

set_cookies()

Set cookies.

Parameter Description:

• cookies: Union[RequestsCookieJar, list, tuple, str, dict]-cookies information, can be CookieJar, list, tuple, str, dict

• set_session: bool-whether to set session cookies

• set_driver: bool-whether to set driver cookies

Returns: None

cookies_to_driver()

Copy cookies from session to driver.

Parameter Description:

• url: str - the domain of cookies

Returns: None

user_agent_to_session()

Copy the user agent from the driver to the session.

Parameter Description:

• driver: WebDriver- WebDriver object, copy user agent
• session: Session- Session object, receiving user agent

Returns: None

close_driver()

Close the browser and set the driver to None.

Returns: None

close_session()

Close the session and set it to None.

Returns: None

close()

Close the driver and session.

Returns: None

kill_browser()

Close the browser process (if possible).

MixPage Class

class MixPage()

MixPage encapsulates the common functions of page operation and can seamlessly switch between driver and session modes. Cookies are automatically synchronized when switching. The function of obtaining information is shared by the two modes, and the function of operating page elements is only available in mode d. Calling a function unique to a certain mode will automatically switch to that mode. It inherits from DriverPage and SessionPage classes, these functions are implemented by these two classes, and MixPage exists as a scheduling role.

Parameter Description:

• drission: Drission - Drission object, if not passed in, create one. Quickly configure the corresponding mode when's' or'd' is passed in
• mode: str - mode, optional'd' or's', default is'd'
• timeout: float - timeout, driver mode is the time to find elements, session mode is the connection waiting time

url

Returns the URL currently visited by the MixPage object.

Returns: str

mode

Returns the current mode ('s' or'd').

Returns: str

drission

Returns the Dirssion object currently in use.

Returns: Drission

driver

Return the driver object, if not, create it, and switch to driver mode when calling.

Returns: WebDriver

session

Return the session object, if not, create it.

Returns: Session

response

Return the Response object obtained in s mode, and switch to s mode when called.

Returns: Response

cookies

Return cookies, obtained from the current mode.

Returns: [dict, list]

html

Return the html text of the page.

Returns: str

title

Return to the page title.

Returns: str

url_available

Returns the validity of the current url.

Returns: bool

set_cookies()

Set cookies.

Parameter Description:

• cookies: Union[RequestsCookieJar, list, tuple, str, dict] - cookies information, can be CookieJar, list, tuple, str, dict
• refresh: bool - Whether to refresh the page after setting cookies

Returns: None

get_cookies()

Return cookies.

Parameter Description:

• as_dict: bool - Whether to return as dict, the default is to return complete cookies as list

• all_domains: bool - whether to return cookies of all domains, only valid in s mode

Returns: a dictionary or list of cookies

change_mode()

Switch mode,'d' or's'. When switching, the cookies of the current mode will be copied to the target mode.

Parameter Description:

• mode: str - Specify the target mode,'d' or's'.
• go: bool - whether to jump to the current url after switching mode

Returns: None

ele()

Return the eligible elements on the page, the first one is returned by default. If the query parameter is a string, the options of '@attribute name:', 'tag:', 'text:', 'css:', 'xpath:', '.', '#' are available. When there is no control mode, the text mode is used to search by default. If it is loc, query directly according to the content.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str, DriverElement, SessionElement, WebElement] - The positioning information of the element, which can be an element object, a loc tuple, or a query string
• mode: str - 'single' or'all', corresponding to find one or all
• timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element, valid in driver mode

Example:

• When the element object is received: return the element object object

• Find with loc tuple:

  • ele.ele((By.CLASS_NAME,'ele_class')) - returns the first child element whose class is ele_class

• Find with query string:

  Attributes, tag name and attributes, text, xpath, css selector, id, class.

  @ Means attribute,. Means class, # means id, = means exact match,: means fuzzy match, the string is searched by default when there is no control string.

  • page.ele('.ele_class') - returns the first element whose name is equal to ele_name
  • page.ele('.:ele_class') - returns the element with ele_class in the first class
  • page.ele('#ele_id') - Return the first element with id ele_id
  • page.ele('#:ele_id') - Returns the element with ele_id in the first id
  • page.ele('@class:ele_class') - returns the element with ele_class in the first class
  • page.ele('@name=ele_name') - returns the first element whose name is equal to ele_name
  • page.ele('@placeholder') - returns the first element with placeholder attribute
  • page.ele('tag:p') - return the first p element
  • page.ele('tag:div@class:ele_class') - returns the first class div element with ele_class
  • page.ele('tag:div@class=ele_class') - returns the first div element whose class is equal to ele_class
  • page.ele('tag:div@text():some_text') - returns the first div element whose text contains some_text
  • page.ele('tag:div@text()=some_text') - returns the first div element whose text is equal to some_text
  • page.ele('text:some_text') - returns the first element whose text contains some_text
  • page.ele('some_text') - returns the first text element containing some_text (equivalent to the previous line)
  • page.ele('text=some_text') - returns the first element whose text is equal to some_text
  • page.ele('xpath://div[@class="ele_class"]') - return the first element that matches xpath
  • page.ele('css:div.ele_class') - returns the first element that matches the css selector

Returns: [DriverElement, SessionElement, str] - element object or attribute, text node text

eles()

Get the list of elements that meet the conditions according to the query parameters. The query parameter usage method is the same as the ele method.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str] - query condition parameter
• timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element, valid in driver mode

Returns: [List[DriverElement or str], List[SessionElement or str]] - a list of element objects or attributes and text node text

cookies_to_session()

Copy cookies from the WebDriver object to the Session object.

Parameter Description:

• copy_user_agent: bool - whether to copy user agent at the same time

Returns: None

cookies_to_driver()

Copy cookies from the Session object to the WebDriver object.

Parameter Description:

• url: str - the domain or url of cookies

Returns: None

get()

To jump to a url, synchronize cookies before the jump, and return whether the target url is available after the jump.

Parameter Description:

• url: str - target url
• go_anyway: bool - Whether to force a jump. If the target url is the same as the current url, it will not redirect by default.
• show_errmsg: bool - whether to display and throw an exception
• retry: int - the number of retries when a connection error occurs
• interval: float - Retry interval (seconds)
• **kwargs - connection parameters for requests

Returns: [bool, None] - whether the url is available

post()

Jump in post mode, automatically switch to session mode when calling.

Parameter Description:

• url: str - target url
• data: dict - submitted data
• go_anyway: bool - Whether to force a jump. If the target url is the same as the current url, it will not redirect by default.
• show_errmsg: bool - whether to display and throw an exception
• retry: int - the number of retries when a connection error occurs
• interval: float - Retry interval (seconds)
• **kwargs - connection parameters for requests

Returns: [bool, None] - whether the url is available

download()

Download a file, return whether it is successful and the download information string. This method will automatically avoid the same name with the existing file in the target path.

Parameter Description:

• file_url: str - file url
• goal_path: str - storage path, the default is the temporary folder specified in the ini file
• rename: str - rename the file without changing the extension
• file_exists: str - If there is a file with the same name, you can choose'rename','overwrite','skip' to process
• post_data: dict - data submitted in post mode
• show_msg: bool - whether to show download information
• show_errmsg: bool - whether to display and throw an exception
• **kwargs - connection parameters for requests

Returns: Tuple[bool, str] - a tuple of whether the download was successful (bool) and status information (the information is the file path when successful)

The following methods and properties only take effect in driver mode, and will automatically switch to driver mode when called

---

tabs_count

Returns the number of tab pages.

Returns: int

tab_handles

Returns the handle list of all tabs.

Returns: list

current_tab_num

Returns the serial number of the current tab page.

Returns: int

current_tab_handle

Returns the handle of the current tab page.

Returns: str

wait_ele()

Wait for the element to be deleted, displayed, and hidden from the dom.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_ele: [str, tuple, DriverElement, WebElement] - Element search method, same as ele()
• mode: str - waiting mode, optional:'del','display','hidden'
• timeout: float - waiting timeout

Returns: bool - whether the wait is successful

check_page()

In d mode, check whether the web page meets expectations. The response status is checked by default, and can be overloaded to achieve targeted checks.

Parameter Description:

• by_requests: bool - Force the use of built- in response for checking

Return: [bool, None] - bool is available, None is unknown

run_script()

Execute JavaScript code.

Parameter Description:

• script: str - JavaScript code text
• *args - incoming parameters

Returns: Any

create_tab()

Create and locate a tab page, which is at the end.

Parameter Description:

• url: str - the URL to jump to the new tab page

Returns: None

close_current_tab()

Close the current tab.

Returns: None

close_other_tabs()

Close tab pages other than the incoming tab page, and keep the current page by default. You can pass in a list or tuple.

Parameter Description:

• num_or_handles:[int, str]-The serial number or handle of the tab to keep, you can pass in a list or tuple of handles

Returns: None

to_tab()

Jump to the tab page.

Parameter Description:

• num_or_handle:[int, str] - tab page serial number or handle string, the first serial number is 0, the last is - 1

Returns: None

to_frame()

Jump to iframe, jump to the highest level by default, compatible with selenium native parameters.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_ele:[int, str, tuple, WebElement, DriverElement] - Find the condition of iframe element, can receive iframe serial number (starting at 0), id or name, query string, loc parameter, WebElement object, DriverElement object, and pass in ' main' jump to the highest level, and pass in'parent' to jump to the upper level

Example:

• to_frame('tag:iframe')- locate by the query string passed in iframe
• to_frame('iframe_id')- Positioning by the id attribute of the iframe
• to_frame('iframe_name')- locate by the name attribute of iframe
• to_frame(iframe_element)- locate by passing in the element object
• to_frame(0)- locate by the serial number of the iframe
• to_frame('main')- jump to the top level
• to_frame('parent')- jump to the previous level

Returns: None

scroll_to_see()

Scroll until the element is visible.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_ele:[str, tuple, WebElement, DriverElement] - The conditions for finding elements are the same as those of the ele() method.

Returns: None

scroll_to()

Scroll the page and decide how to scroll according to the parameters.

Parameter Description:

• mode: str - scroll direction, top, bottom, rightmost, leftmost, up, down, left, right
• pixel: int - scrolling pixel

Returns: None

refresh()

refresh page.

Returns: None

back()

The page goes back.

Returns: None

set_window_size()

Set the window size, maximize by default.

Parameter Description:

• x: int - target width
• y: int - target height

Returns: None

screenshot()

Take a screenshot of the web page and return the path of the screenshot file

Parameter Description:

• path: str - The screenshot save path, the default is the temporary folder specified in the ini file
• filename: str - the name of the screenshot file, the default is the page title as the file name

Returns: str

chrome_downloading()

Return to the list of files downloaded by the browser.

Parameter Description:

• download_path: str - download folder path

Returns: list

process_alert()

Process the prompt box.

Parameter Description:

• mode: str - 'ok' or'cancel', if another value is entered, the button will not be pressed but the text value will still be returned
• text: str - You can enter text when processing the prompt box

Returns: [str, None] - the text of the prompt box content

close_driver()

Close the driver and browser.

Returns: None

close_session()

Close the session.

Returns: None

DriverElement class

class DriverElement()

The element object in driver mode encapsulates a WebElement object and encapsulates common functions.

Parameter Description:

• ele: WebElement- WebElement object
• page: DriverPage- the page object where the element is located

inner_ele

The wrapped WebElement object.

Returns: WebElement

html

Returns the outerHTML text of the element.

Returns: str

inner_html

Returns the innerHTML text of the element.

Returns: str

tag

Returns the element tag name.

Returns: str

attrs

Return all attributes and values ​​of the element in a dictionary.

Returns: dict

text

Returns the text inside the element.

Returns: str

comments

Returns the list of comments within the element

Returns: list

link

Returns absolute href or src value of the element.

Returns: str

css_path

Returns the absolute path of the element css selector.

Returns: str

xpath

Returns the absolute path of the element xpath.

Returns: str

parent

Returns the parent element object.

Returns: DriverElement

next

Return the next sibling element object.

Returns: DriverElement

prev

Returns the previous sibling element object.

Returns: DriverElement

size

Return the element size in a dictionary.

Returns: dict

location

Replace the element coordinates in a dictionary.

Returns: dict

shadow_root

Returns the shadow_root element object of the current element

Returns: ShadowRoot

before

Returns the content of the ::before pseudo- element of the current element

Returns: str

after

Returns the content of the ::after pseudo element of the current element

Returns: str

select

If it is a select element, it returns the Select object, otherwise it returns None.

Returns: Union[Select, None]

texts()

Returns the text of all direct child nodes within the element, including elements and text nodes

Parameter Description:

• text_node_only: bool - whether to return only text nodes

Returns: List[str]

parents()

Returns the Nth level parent element object.

Parameter Description:

• num: int - which level of parent element

Returns: DriverElement

nexts()

Returns the text of the numth sibling element or node.

Parameter Description:

• num: int - the next sibling element or node
• mode: str - 'ele','node' or'text', matching element, node, or text node

Returns: [DriverElement, str]

prevs()

Returns the text of the previous num sibling element or node.

Parameter Description:

• num: int - the previous sibling element or node
• mode: str - 'ele','node' or'text', matching element, node, or text node

Returns: [DriverElement, str]

attr()

Get the value of an attribute of an element.

Parameter Description:

• attr: str - attribute name

Returns: str

ele()

Returns the sub- elements, attributes or node texts of the current element that meet the conditions. If the query parameter is a string, the options of '@attribute name:', 'tag:', 'text:', 'css:', 'xpath:', '.', '#' are available. When there is no control mode, the text mode is used to search by default. If it is loc, query directly according to the content.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str] - the positioning information of the element, which can be a loc tuple or a query string
• mode: str - 'single' or'all', corresponding to find one or all
• timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element

Example:

• Find with loc tuple:

  • ele.ele((By.CLASS_NAME,'ele_class')) - returns the first child element whose class is ele_class

• Find with query string:

  Attributes, tag name and attributes, text, xpath, css selector, id, class.

  @ Means attribute,. Means class, # means id, = means exact match,: means fuzzy match, the string is searched by default when there is no control string.

  • ele.ele('.ele_class')-returns the first child element whose class is ele_class

  • ele.ele('.:ele_class')-returns the child elements of the first class that contain ele_class

  • ele.ele('#ele_id')-returns the first child element with id ele_id

  • ele.ele('#:ele_id')-Returns the child element with ele_id in the first id

  • ele.ele('@class:ele_class')-returns the first class that contains e le_class

  • ele.ele('@name=ele_name')-returns the first child element whose name is equal to ele_name

  • ele.ele('@placeholder')-returns the first child element with placeholder attribute

  • ele.ele('tag:p')-returns the first p child element

  • ele.ele('tag:div@class:ele_class')-returns the first div sub-element that contains ele_class

  • ele.ele('tag:div@class=ele_class')-returns the first div child element whose class is equal to ele_class

  • ele.ele('tag:div@text():some_text')-returns the first div child element whose text contains some_text

  • ele.ele('tag:div@text()=some_text')-returns the first div child element whose text is equal to some_tex t

  • ele.ele('text:some_text')-returns the first child element whose text contains some_text

  • ele.ele('some_text')-returns the first text element with some_text (equivalent to the previous line)

  • ele.ele('text=some_text')-returns the first child element whose text is equal to some_text

  • ele.ele('xpath://div[@class="ele_class"]')-Return the first child element that matches xpath

  • ele.ele('css:div.ele_class')-returns the first child element that matches the css selector

Returns: [DriverElement, str]

eles()

Get the list of elements that meet the conditions according to the query parameters. The query parameter usage method is the same as the ele method.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str] - query condition parameter
• timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element

Returns: List[DriverElement or str]

get_style_property()

Returns the element style attribute value.

Parameter Description:

• style: str - style attribute name
• pseudo_ele: str - pseudo element name

Returns: str

click()

Click on the element. If it is unsuccessful, click in js mode. You can specify whether to click in js mode.

Parameter Description:

• by_js: bool - whether to click with js

Returns: bool

click_at()

Click this element with offset, relative to the upper left corner coordinate. Click the midpoint of the element when the x or y value is not passed in, and you can choose whether to click with js.

Parameter Description:

• x: int - The x-axis offset relative to the upper left corner of the element
• y: int - The y-axis offset relative to the upper left corner of the element
• by_js: bool - whether to click with js

Returns: None

input()

Enter text or key combination and return whether it is successful.

Parameter Description:

• value: Union[str, tuple] - Text value or key combination
• clear: bool - whether to clear the text box before typing

Returns: bool

run_script()

Execute the js code and pass in yourself as the first parameter.

Parameter Description:

• script: str - JavaScript text
• *args - incoming parameters

Returns: Any

submit()

submit Form.

Returns: None

clear()

Clear the text box.

Returns: None

is_selected()

Whether the element is selected.

Returns: bool

is_enabled()

Whether the element is available on the page.

Returns: bool

is_displayed()

Whether the element is visible.

Returns: bool

is_valid()

Whether the element is still in the DOM. This method is used to determine when the page jump element cannot be used

Returns: bool

screenshot()

Take a screenshot of the web page and return the path of the screenshot file

Parameter Description:

• path: str - The screenshot save path, the default is the temporary folder specified in the ini file
• filename: str - the name of the screenshot file, the default is the page title as the file name

Returns: str

set_attr()

Set element attributes.

Parameter Description:

• attr: str - parameter name
• value: str - parameter value

Returns: bool - whether it was successful

remove_attr()

Remove element attributes.

Parameter Description:

• attr: str -parameter name

Returns: bool - whether it was successful

drag()

Drag the current element a certain distance, and return whether the drag is successful.

Parameter Description:

• x: int - drag distance in x direction
• y: int - drag distance in y direction
• speed: int - drag speed
• shake: bool - whether to shake randomly

Returns: bool

drag_to()

Drag the current element, the target is another element or coordinate tuple, and return whether the drag is successful.

Parameter Description:

• ele_or_loc[tuple, WebElement, BaseElement] - Another element or relative current position, the coordinates are the coordinates of the element's midpoint.
• speed: int - drag speed
• shake: bool - whether to shake randomly

Returns: bool

hover()

Hover the mouse over the element.

Returns: None

SessionElement Class

class SessionElement()

The element object in session mode encapsulates an Element object and encapsulates common functions.

Parameter Description:

• ele: HtmlElement - HtmlElement object of lxml library
• page: SessionPage - the page object where the element is located

inner_ele

The wrapped HTMLElement object.

Returns: HtmlElement

html

Returns the outerHTML text of the element.

Returns: str

inner_html

Returns the innerHTML text of the element.

Returns: str

tag

Returns the element tag name.

Returns: srt

attrs

Returns the names and values of all attributes of the element in dictionary format.

Returns: dict

text

Returns the text within the element, namely innerText.

Returns: str

comments

Returns the list of comments within the element

Returns: list

link

Returns absolute href or src value of the element.

Returns: str

css_path

Returns the absolute path of the element css selector.

Returns: srt

xpath

Returns the absolute path of the element xpath.

Returns: srt

parent

Returns the parent element object.

Returns: SessionElement

next

Return the next sibling element object.

Returns: SessionElement

prev

Returns the previous sibling element object.

Returns: SessionElement

parents()

Returns the Nth level parent element object.

Parameter Description:

• num: int - which level of parent element

Returns: SessionElement

nexts()

Returns the text of the numth sibling element or node.

Parameter Description:

• num- the next few sibling elements
• mode: str - 'ele','node' or'text', matching element, node, or text node

Returns: [SessionElement, str]

prevs()

Return the first N sibling element objects.

Parameter Description:

• num- the first few sibling elements
• mode: str - 'ele','node' or'text', matching element, node, or text node

Returns: [SessionElement, str]

attr()

Get the value of an attribute of an element.

Parameter Description:

• attr: str - attribute name

Returns: str

ele()

Get elements based on query parameters. If the query parameter is a string, you can choose the methods of '@attribute name:', 'tag:', 'text:', 'css:', 'xpath:', '.', '#'. When there is no control mode, the text mode is used to search by default. If it is loc, query directly according to the content.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_str:[Tuple[str, str], str] - query condition parameter

• mode: str - Find one or more, pass in'single' or'all'

Example:

• Find with loc tuple:

• ele.ele((By.CLASS_NAME,'ele_class')) - returns the first child element whose class is ele_class

• Find with query string:

Attributes, tag name and attributes, text, xpath, css selector, id, class.

@ Means attribute,. Means class, # means id, = means exact match,: means fuzzy match, the string is searched by default when there is no control string.

• ele.ele('.ele_class')-returns the first child element whose class is ele_class

• ele.ele('.:ele_class')-returns the child elements of the first class that contain ele_class

• ele.ele('#ele_id')-returns the first child element with id ele_id

• ele.ele('#:ele_id')-Returns the child element with ele_id in the first id

• ele.ele('@class:ele_class')-returns the first class that contains e le_class

• ele.ele('@name=ele_name')-returns the first child element whose name is equal to ele_name

• ele.ele('@placeholder')-returns the first child element with placeholder attribute

• ele.ele('tag:p')-returns the first p child element

• ele.ele('tag:div@class:ele_class')-returns the first div sub-element that contains ele_class

• ele.ele('tag:div@class=ele_class')-returns the first div child element whose class is equal to ele_class

• ele.ele('tag:div@text():some_text')-returns the first div child element whose text contains some_text

• ele.ele('tag:div@text()=some_text')-returns the first div child element whose text is equal to some_tex t

• ele.ele('text:some_text')-returns the first child element whose text contains some_text

• ele.ele('some_text')-returns the first text element with some_text (equivalent to the previous line)

• ele.ele('text=some_text')-returns the first child element whose text is equal to some_text

• ele.ele('xpath://div[@class="ele_class"]')-Return the first child element that matches xpath

• ele.ele('css:div.ele_class')-returns the first child element that matches the css selector

Returns: [SessionElement, str]

eles()

Get the list of elements that meet the conditions according to the query parameters. The query parameter usage method is the same as the ele method.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str] - query condition parameter

Returns: List[SessionElement or str]

Select class

class Select()

The Select class is specifically used to process select tags in d mode.

Parameter Description:

• ele: DriverElement - select element object

is_multi

Returns: bool - Whether to select multiple lists

options

Returns: List[DriverElement] - a list of all selected option elements

selected_option

Returns: Union[DriverElement, None] - the first option element selected

selected_options

Returns: List[DriverElement] -a list of all selected option elements

clear()

Clear all selected items.

select()

Select or deselect child elements in the drop-down list.

Parameter Description:

• text_value_index: Union[str, int, list, tuple] - select options based on text, value or serial number. If multiple selections are allowed, multiple selections can be made by inputting a list or tuple

• para_type: str - parameter type, optional'text','value','index'

• deselect: bool - Whether to cancel the selection

Returns: bool - Whether the selection is successful

select_multi()

Select or deselect multiple child elements in the drop-down list.

Parameter Description:

• text_value_index: Union[list, tuple] - Select multiple items based on text, value or serial number

• para_type: str - parameter type, optional'text','value','index'

• deselect: bool - Whether to cancel the selection

Returns: Whether the selection is successful

deselect()

Select or deselect child elements in the drop-down list.

Parameter Description:

• text_value_index: Union[str, int, list, tuple] - deselect options based on text, value selection, or serial number. If multiple selections are allowed, multiple selections can be made by inputting a list or tuple

• para_type: str - parameter type, optional'text','value','index'

Returns: Whether the selection is successful

deselect_multi()

Select or deselect multiple child elements in the drop-down list.

Parameter Description:

• text_value_index: Union[list, tuple] - Select multiple items based on text, value selection or serial number
• para_type: str - parameter type, optional'text','value','index'

Returns: Whether the selection is successful

invert()

Invert the election.

ShadowRootElement class

class ShadowRootElement()

The shadow-root element within the element.

Parameter Description:

• inner_ele: WebElement-the shadow-root element obtained by selenium

• parent_ele: DriverElement-the element to which the shadow-root is attached

tag

Element tag name.

Returns: the'shadow-root' string.

html

Internal html text.

Returns: str

parent

The parent element on which the shadow-root depends.

Returns: DriverElement

next

Return the next sibling element.

Returns: DriverElement

parents()

Return the parent element at level num above

Parameter Description:

• num: int-which level of parent element

Returns: DriverElement

nexts()

Return the next num sibling element

Parameter Description:

• num: int-which sibling element

Returns: DriverElement

ele()

Returns the first child element that meets the criteria.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_str: Union[Tuple[str, str], str]-element positioning conditions

• mode: str-'single' or'all', corresponding to get one and all

• timeout: float-timeout

Returns: DriverElement-the first element that meets the conditions

eles()

Return all sub-elements that meet the criteria.

Parameter Description:

• loc_or_str: Union[Tuple[str, str], str]-element positioning conditions

• timeout: float-timeout

Returns: List[DriverElement]-a list of all eligible elements

run_script()

Execute js code on the element.

Parameter Description:

• scrpit: str-js code

• *args-the object passed in

is_enabled()

Returns whether the element is available.

Returns: bool

is_valid()

Returns whether the element is still in the dom.

Returns: bool

OptionsManager class

class OptionsManager()

The class that manages the content of the configuration file.

Parameter Description:

• path: str - the path of the ini file, if not passed in, the configs.ini file in the current folder will be read by default

paths

Return paths setting information.

Returns: dict

chrome_options

Return to chrome setting information.

Returns: dict

session_options

Return session setting information.

Returns: dict

get_value()

Get the configured value.

Parameter Description:

• section: str - section name
• item: str - configuration item name

Returns: Any

get_option()

Return the configuration information of the entire paragraph in dictionary format.

Parameter Description:

• section: str - section name

Returns: dict

set_item()

Set the configuration value and return to yourself for chain operation.

Parameter Description:

• section: str - section name
• item: str - configuration item name
• value: Any - value content

Return: OptionsManager - return to yourself

save()

Save the settings to a file and return to yourself for chain operation.

Parameter Description:

• path: str - the path of the ini file, pass in 'default' would save to the default ini file

Return: OptionsManager - return to yourself

SessionOptions class

class SessionOptions()

Session object configuration class.

Parameter Description:

-read_file: bool-whether to read configuration information from ini file when creating -ini_path: str-the path of the ini file, if it is None, the default ini file will be read

headers

headers configuration information.

Returns: dict

cookies

Cookies configuration information.

Returns: list

auth

auth configuration information.

Returns: tuple

proxies

proxies configuration information.

Returns: dict

hooks

hooks configuration information.

Returns: dict

params

params configuration information.

Returns: dict

verify

Verify configuration information.

Returns: bool

cert

cert configuration information.

Returns: [str, tuple]

adapters

Adapters configuration information.

Returns: adapters

stream

stream configuration information.

Returns: bool

trust_env

srust_env configuration information.

Returns: bool

max_redirects

max_redirect configuration information.

Returns: int

set_a_header()

Set an item in headers.

Parameter Description:

• attr: str-configuration item name

• value: str-configured value

Returns: the current object

remove_a_header()

Remove a setting from headers.

Parameter Description:

• attr: str-the name of the configuration to be deleted

Returns: current object

save()

Save the settings to a file.

Parameter Description:

• path: str-the path of the ini file, pass in'default' and save to the default ini file

Returns: current object

as_dict()

Return the current object as a dictionary.

Returns: dict

DriverOptions class

class DriverOptions()

The Chrome browser configuration class, inherited from the Options class of selenium.webdriver.chrome.options, adds the methods of deleting configuration and saving to file.

Parameter Description:

• read_file: bool - Whether to read configuration information from the ini file when creating
• ini_path: str - ini file path, if it is None, the default ini file will be read

driver_path

The path of chromedriver.exe.

Returns: str

chrome_path

chrome.exe path

Returns: str

save()

Save the settings to a file and return to yourself for chain operation.

Parameter Description:

• path: str - the path of the ini file, pass in 'default' would save to the default ini file

Return: DriverOptions - return self

remove_argument()

Remove a setting.

Parameter Description:

• value: str - the attribute value to be removed

Return: DriverOptions - return self

remove_experimental_option()

Remove an experiment setting and delete the key value.

Parameter Description:

• key: str - the key value of the experiment setting to be removed

Return: DriverOptions - return self

remove_all_extensions()

Remove all plug- ins, because plug- ins are stored in the entire file, it is difficult to remove one of them, so if you need to set, remove all and reset.

Return: DriverOptions - return self

set_argument()

Set the chrome attribute, the attribute with no value can be set to switch, and the attribute with value can set the value of the attribute.

Parameter Description:

• arg: str - attribute name
• value[bool, str] - attribute value, the attribute with value is passed in the value, and the attribute without value is passed in bool

Return: DriverOptions - return self

set_headless()

Turn on or off the interfaceless mode.

Parameter Description:

on_off: bool - turn on or off

Return: DriverOptions - return self

set_no_imgs()

Whether to load the picture.

Parameter Description:

on_off: bool - turn on or off

Return: DriverOptions - return self

set_no_js()

Whether to disable js.

Parameter Description:

on_off: bool - turn on or off

Return: DriverOptions - return self

set_mute()

Whether to mute.

Parameter Description:

on_off: bool - turn on or off

Return: DriverOptions - return self

set_user_agent()

Set the browser user agent.

Parameter Description:

• user_agent: str - user agent string

Return: DriverOptions - return self

set_proxy()

Set up a proxy.

Parameter Description:

• proxy: str - proxy address

Return: DriverOptions - return self

set_paths()

Set the path related to the browser.

Parameter Description:

• driver_path: str - the path of chromedriver.exe
• chrome_path: str - the path of chrome.exe
• debugger_address: str - debug browser address, for example: 127.0.0.1:9222
• download_path: str - download file path
• user_data_path: str - user data path
• cache_path: str - cache path

Return: DriverOptions - return self

easy_set method

Chrome configuration is too complicated, so the commonly used configuration is written as a simple method, and the related content of the ini file will be modified by calling.

get_match_driver()

Automatically identify the chrome version and download the matching driver. Get the chrome.exe path recorded in the ini file, if not, get the path in the system variable.

Parameter Description:

• ini_path: str-the path of the ini file to be read and modified

• save_path: str-chromedriver save path

Returns: None

show_settings()

Print all configuration information in the ini file.

Parameter Description:

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, read the default ini file

Returns: None

set_paths()

Convenient way to set the path, save the passed path to an ini file, and check whether the chrome and chromedriver versions match.

Parameter Description:

• driver_path: str-chromedriver.exe path

• chrome_path: str-chrome.exe path

• debugger_address: str-debug browser address, for example: 127.0.0.1:9222

• download_path: str-download file path

• tmp_path: str-Temporary folder path

• user_data_path: str-user data path

• cache_path: str-cache path

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, save to the default ini file

• check_version: bool-whether to check if chromedriver and chrome match

Returns: None

set_argument()

Set the properties. If the attribute has no value (such as'zh_CN.UTF-8' ), value is passed in bool to indicate a switch; otherwise, value is assigned to the attribute. When value is'' or False, delete the attribute item.

Parameter Description:

• arg: str-attribute name

• value: [bool, str]-attribute value, the value attribute is passed in the value, and the non-property is passed in bool

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, save to the default ini file

Returns: None

set_headless()

Turn headless mode on or off.

Parameter Description:

• on_off: bool-whether to turn on headless mode

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, save to the default ini file

Returns: None

set_no_imgs()

Turn picture display on or off.

Parameter Description:

• on_off: bool-whether to turn on the no image mode

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, save to the default ini file

Returns: None

set_no_js()

Turn on or off disable JS mode.

Parameter Description:

• on_off: bool-whether to enable or disable JS mode

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, save to the default ini file

Returns: None

set_mute()

Turn on or off the silent mode.

Parameter Description:

• on_off: bool-whether to turn on silent mode

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, save to the default ini file

Returns: None

set_user_agent()

Set user_agent.

Parameter Description:

• user_agent: str-user_agent value

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, save to the default ini file

Returns: None

set_proxy()

Set up a proxy.

Parameter Description:

• proxy: str-proxy value

• ini_path: str-ini file path, if it is None, save to the default ini file

Returns: None

check_driver_version()

Check if the chrome and chromedriver versions match.

Parameter Description:

• driver_path: bool - chromedriver.exe path
• chrome_path: boo - chrome.exe path

Returns: bool