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# 高性能网络协程库,支持 Linux/BSD/Mac/Windows
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[English ](README_en.md )
* [1、概述 ](#1概述 )
* [2、支持的事件引擎 ](#2支持的事件引擎 )
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* [3、示例 ](#3示例 )
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* [3.1、基于协程的网络服务器 ](#31基于协程的网络服务器 )
* [3.2、基于协程的客户端程序 ](#32基于协程的客户端程序 )
* [3.3、使用 acl 网络库例子 ](#33使用-acl-网络库例子 )
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* [3.4、使用C++11示例 ](#34使用C11示例 )
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* [3.5、基于协程的 Windows 界面网络程序 ](#35基于协程的-Windows-界面网络程序 )
* [3.6、更多例子 ](#36更多例子 )
* [4、编译协程库 ](#4编译协程库 )
* [4.1、在 Unix 平台编译 ](#41在-Unix-平台编译 )
* [4.2、在 Windows 平台编译 ](#42在-Windows-平台编译 )
* [5、性能测试 ](#5性能测试 )
* [6、API 列表 ](#6API-列表 )
* [6.1、Base API ](#61Base-API )
* [6.2、IO API ](#62IO-API )
* [6.3、Net API ](#63Net-API )
* [6.4、Channel API ](#64Channel-API )
* [6.5、Sync API ](#65Sync-API )
* [6.6、关于 API Hook ](#66关于-API-Hook )
* [7、更多参考 ](#7更多参考 )
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## 1、概述
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本协程库为 [acl 工程 ](#https://github.com/acl-dev/acl ) 的协程模块,该模块提供了 C 库和 C++ 库,其中 C 库实现了有关协程的核心功能, C++ 库是对 C 库的封装, 从而更方便使用者快速开发协程类应用。目前支持的操作系统有: Linux, FreeBSD, MacOS 和 Windows, 支持的事件类型有: select, poll, epoll, kqueue, iocp 及 Windows GUI 窗口消息。通过 libfiber 网络协程库,用户可以非常容易地写出高性能、高可靠的网络通信服务。因为使用了同步顺序编程的思维方式,相对于异步模式(无论是 reactor 模型还是 proactor 模型),编写网络应用更加简单。
libfiber 不仅支持常见的 IO 事件引擎,而且支持 Win32 GUI 界面消息引擎,这样当你使用 MFC, wtl 或其它 GUI 界面库编写界面网络应用时,也会变得异常简单,这的确是件令人兴奋的事。
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## 2、支持的事件引擎
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以下为 libfiber 所支持的事件引擎:
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Event|Linux|BSD|Mac|Windows
-----|----|------|---|---
< b > select< / b > |yes|yes|yes|yes
< b > poll< / b > |yes|yes|yes|yes
< b > epoll< / b > |yes|no|no|no
< b > kqueue< / b > |no|yes|yes|no
< b > iocp< / b > |no|no|no|yes
< b > Win GUI message< / b > |no|no|no|yes
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## 3、示例
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### 3.1、基于协程的网络服务器
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```C
// fiber_server.c
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "fiber/lib_fiber.h"
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#include "patch.h" // in lib_fiber/samples/patch.h
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static size_t __stack_size = 128000;
static const char *__listen_ip = "127.0.0.1";
static int __listen_port = 9001;
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static void fiber_client(ACL_FIBER *fb, void *ctx)
{
SOCKET *pfd = (SOCKET * ) ctx;
char buf[8192];
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while (1) {
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
int ret = acl_fiber_recv(*pfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
#else
int ret = recv(*pfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
#endif
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if (ret == 0) {
break;
} else if (ret < 0 ) {
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if (acl_fiber_last_error() == FIBER_EINTR) {
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continue;
}
break;
}
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
if (acl_fiber_send(*pfd, buf, ret, 0) < 0 ) {
#else
if (send(*pfd, buf, ret, 0) < 0 ) {
#endif
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break;
}
}
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socket_close(*pfd);
free(pfd);
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}
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static void fiber_accept(ACL_FIBER *fb, void *ctx)
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{
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const char *addr = (const char * ) ctx;
SOCKET lfd = socket_listen(__listen_ip, __listen_port);
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assert(lfd >= 0);
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for (;;) {
SOCKET *pfd, cfd = socket_accept(lfd);
if (cfd == INVALID_SOCKET) {
printf("accept error %s\r\n", acl_fiber_last_serror());
break;
}
pfd = (SOCKET *) malloc(sizeof(SOCKET));
*pfd = cfd;
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// create and start one fiber to handle the client socket IO
acl_fiber_create(fiber_client, pfd, __stack_size);
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}
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socket_close(lfd);
exit (0);
}
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// FIBER_EVENT_KERNEL represents the event type on
// Linux(epoll), BSD(kqueue), Mac(kqueue), Windows(iocp)
// FIBER_EVENT_POLL: poll on Linux/BSD/Mac/Windows
// FIBER_EVENT_SELECT: select on Linux/BSD/Mac/Windows
// FIBER_EVENT_WMSG: Win GUI message on Windows
// acl_fiber_create/acl_fiber_schedule_with are in `lib_fiber.h` .
// socket_listen/socket_accept/socket_close are in patch.c of the samples path.
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int main(void)
{
int event_mode = FIBER_EVENT_KERNEL;
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
socket_init();
#endif
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// create one fiber to accept connections
acl_fiber_create(fiber_accept, NULL, __stack_size);
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// start the fiber schedule process
acl_fiber_schedule_with(event_mode);
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
socket_end();
#endif
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return 0;
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}
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```
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### 3.2、基于协程的客户端程序
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```C
// fiber_client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "fiber/lib_fiber.h"
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#include "patch.h" // in lib_fiber/samples/patch.h
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static const char *__server_ip = "127.0.0.1";
static int __server_port = 9001;
// socket_init/socket_end/socket_connect/socket_close are in patch.c of the samples path
static void fiber_client(ACL_FIBER *fb, void *ctx)
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{
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SOCKET cfd = socket_connect(__server_ip, __server_port);
const char *s = "hello world\r\n";
char buf[8192];
int i, ret;
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if (cfd == INVALID_SOCKET) {
return;
}
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for (i = 0; i < 1024 ; i + + ) {
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
if (acl_fiber_send(cfd, s, strlen(s), 0) < = 0) {
#else
if (send(cfd, s, strlen(s), 0) < = 0) {
#endif
printf("send error %s\r\n", acl_fiber_last_serror());
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break;
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}
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
ret = acl_fiber_recv(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
#else
ret = recv(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
#endif
if (ret < = 0) {
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break;
}
}
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
acl_fiber_close(cfd);
#else
close(cfd);
#endif
}
int main(void)
{
int event_mode = FIBER_EVENT_KERNEL;
size_t stack_size = 128000;
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int i;
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
socket_init();
#endif
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for (i = 0; i < 100 ; i + + ) {
acl_fiber_create(fiber_client, NULL, stack_size);
}
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acl_fiber_schedule_with(event_mode);
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
socket_end();
#endif
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return 0;
}
```
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### 3.3、使用 acl 网络库例子
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上面的例子中因为使用了系统原生的网络 API, 所以感觉代码有些臃肿, 下面的例子使用 acl 库中提供的网络 API, 显得更为简单些:
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```c++
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
class fiber_client : public acl::fiber
{
public:
fiber_client(acl::socket_stream* conn) : conn_(conn) {}
protected:
// @override
void run(void)
{
printf("fiber-%d-%d running\r\n", get_id(), acl::fiber::self());
char buf[8192];
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while (true) {
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int ret = conn_->read(buf, sizeof(buf), false);
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if (ret == -1) {
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break;
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}
if (conn_->write(buf, ret) == -1) {
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break;
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}
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}
delete conn_;
delete this;
}
private:
acl::socket_stream* conn_;
~fiber_client(void) {}
};
class fiber_server : public acl::fiber
{
public:
fiber_server(acl::server_socket& ss) : ss_(ss) {}
~fiber_server(void) {}
protected:
// @override
void run(void)
{
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while (true) {
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acl::socket_stream* conn = ss_.accept();
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if (conn == NULL) {
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printf("accept error %s\r\n", acl::last_serror());
break;
}
printf("accept ok, fd: %d\r\n", conn->sock_handle());
// create one fiber for one connection
fiber_client* fc = new fiber_client(conn);
// start the fiber
fc->start();
}
}
private:
acl::server_socket& ss_;
};
static void usage(const char* procname)
{
printf("usage: %s -h [help] -s listen_addr\r\n", procname);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ch;
acl::acl_cpp_init();
acl::string addr("127.0.0.1:9006");
acl::log::stdout_open(true);
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while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "hs:")) > 0) {
switch (ch) {
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case 'h':
usage(argv[0]);
return 0;
case 's':
addr = optarg;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
acl::server_socket ss;
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if (ss.open(addr) == false) {
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printf("listen %s error %s\r\n", addr.c_str(), acl::last_serror());
return 1;
}
printf("listen %s ok\r\n", addr.c_str());
fiber_server fs(ss);
fs.start(); // start listen fiber
acl::fiber::schedule(); // start fiber schedule
return 0;
}
```
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### 3.4、使用C++11示例
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如果使用C++11的特性, 则示上面例更为简单, 如下:
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```c++
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static void fiber_client(acl::socket_stream* conn)
{
printf("fiber-%d running\r\n", acl::fiber::self());
char buf[8192];
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while (true) {
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int ret = conn->read(buf, sizeof(buf), false);
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if (ret == -1) {
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break;
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}
if (conn->write(buf, ret) == -1) {
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break;
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}
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}
delete conn;
}
static void fiber_server(acl::server_socket& ss)
{
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while (true) {
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acl::socket_stream* conn = ss.accept();
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if (conn == NULL) {
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printf("accept error %s\r\n", acl::last_serror());
break;
}
printf("accept ok, fd: %d\r\n", conn->sock_handle());
go[=] {
fiber_client(conn);
};
}
}
static void usage(const char* procname)
{
printf("usage: %s -h [help] -s listen_addr\r\n", procname);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ch;
acl::acl_cpp_init();
acl::string addr("127.0.0.1:9006");
acl::log::stdout_open(true);
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while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "hs:")) > 0) {
switch (ch) {
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case 'h':
usage(argv[0]);
return 0;
case 's':
addr = optarg;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
acl::server_socket ss;
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if (ss.open(addr) == false) {
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printf("listen %s error %s\r\n", addr.c_str(), acl::last_serror());
return 1;
}
printf("listen %s ok\r\n", addr.c_str());
go[& ] {
fiber_server(ss);
};
acl::fiber::schedule(); // start fiber schedule
return 0;
}
```
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### 3.5、基于协程的 Windows 界面网络程序
在[示例目录](samples/WinEchod) 下为基于协程的 Windows 界面网络程序,程序运行截屏如![图](res/winecho.png)
该 Windows 界面程序包含`网络服务器`和`网络客户端`两个功能。在运行时,服务模块和客户端模块运行在 Windows 界面线程中,因为协程库使用了 Windows 界面消息泵,所以协程模块可以与界面上元素成为`一体`而不必跨越线程,也不必使用令人烦恼的异步套接字 API。
### 3.6、更多例子
在 [acl工程中 ](https://github.com/acl-dev/acl/tree/master/lib_fiber/samples ),有更多的示例来描述网络协程编程,当然,这些例子还大量使用了 [acl 库 ](https://github.com/acl-dev/acl/ )中的其它库的 API。
## 4、编译协程库
### 4.1、在 Unix 平台编译
```
$cd lib_fiber
$make
$cd samples
$make
```
则会在 `lib_fiber/lib/` 目录下生成 `libfiber.a` 和 `libfiber_cpp.a` ,分别对应着 C 和 C++ 版本的协程库,其中 `libfiber_cpp.a` 是用 C++ 对 `libfiber.a` 的二次封装。
< b > 下面给出了一个例子的 Makefile 内容:< / b >
```
fiber_server: fiber_server.c
gcc -o fiber_server fiber_server.c patch.c -I{path_of_fiber_header} -L{path_of_fiber_lib) -lfiber -ldl -lpthread
fiber_client: fiber_client.c
gcc -o fiber_client fiber_client.c patch.c -I{path_of_fiber_header} -L{path_of_fiber_lib) -lfiber -ldl -lpthread
```
如果编译并使用 acl 基础库和 libfiber_cpp.a, 则需要注意库的依赖关系:
```
fiber_server: fiber_server.cpp
g++ -o fiber_server fiber_server.cpp -lfiber_cpp -lacl_cpp -lprotocol -lacl -lfiber
```
### 4.2、在 Windows 平台编译
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目前可以使用 vc2012/vc2013/vc2015 分别打开 [fiber_vc2012.sln ](fiber_vc2012.sln ) /[fiber_vc2013.sln](fiber_vc2013.sln)/[fiber_vc2015.sln](fiber_vc2015.sln) 编译 libfiber 库。
## 5、性能测试
下面仅做了简单的 IOPS (网络 IO 性能)的测试,同时和其它协程库做了简单的对比:
![Benchmark ](res/benchmark.png )
其它的网络协程库有:[libmill](https://github.com/sustrik/libmill), golang 和 [libco ](https://github.com/Tencent/libco )。其中,各个库的压测示例:
1. 基于 libmill 和 libco 的压测用例在 [目录 ](benchmark ) 下;
2. 基于 Golang 的压测用例在 [目录 ](https://github.com/acl-dev/master-go/tree/master/examples/echo )中;
3. 基于 libfiber 的压测用例:[示例](samples/server);
4. 客户端压测程序: https://github.com/acl-dev/acl/tree/master/lib_fiber/samples/client2
## 6、API 列表
### 6.1、Base API
- acl_fiber_create
- acl_fiber_self
- acl_fiber_status
- acl_fiber_kill
- acl_fiber_killed
- acl_fiber_signal
- acl_fiber_yield
- acl_fiber_ready
- acl_fiber_switch
- acl_fiber_schedule_init
- acl_fiber_schedule
- acl_fiber_schedule_with
- acl_fiber_scheduled
- acl_fiber_schedule_stop
- acl_fiber_set_specific
- acl_fiber_get_specific
- acl_fiber_delay
- acl_fiber_last_error
- acl_fiber_last_serror
### 6.2、IO API
- acl_fiber_recv
- acl_fiber_recvfrom
- acl_fiber_read
- acl_fiber_readv
- acl_fiber_recvmsg
- acl_fiber_write
- acl_fiber_writev
- acl_fiber_send
- acl_fiber_sendto
- acl_fiber_sendmsg
- acl_fiber_select
- acl_fiber_poll
- acl_fiber_close
### 6.3、Net API
- acl_fiber_socket
- acl_fiber_listen
- acl_fiber_accept
- acl_fiber_connect
- acl_fiber_gethostbyname_r
- acl_fiber_getaddrinfo
- acl_fiber_freeaddrinfo
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### 6.4、Channel API
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- acl_channel_create
- acl_channel_free
- acl_channel_send
- acl_channel_send_nb
- acl_channel_recv
- acl_channel_recv_nb
- acl_channel_sendp
- acl_channel_recvp
- acl_channel_sendp_nb
- acl_channel_recvp_nb
- acl_channel_sendul
- acl_channel_recvul
- acl_channel_sendul_nb
- acl_channel_recvul_nb
### 6.5、Sync API
< b > ACL_FIBER_MUTEX< / b >
- acl_fiber_mutex_create
- acl_fiber_mutex_free
- acl_fiber_mutex_lock
- acl_fiber_mutex_trylock
- acl_fiber_mutex_unlock
< b > ACL_FIBER_RWLOCK< / b >
- acl_fiber_rwlock_create
- acl_fiber_rwlock_free
- acl_fiber_rwlock_rlock
- acl_fiber_rwlock_tryrlock
- acl_fiber_rwlock_wlock
- acl_fiber_rwlock_trywlock
- acl_fiber_rwlock_runlock
- acl_fiber_rwlock_wunlock
< b > ACL_FIBER_EVENT< / b >
- acl_fiber_event_create
- acl_fiber_event_free
- acl_fiber_event_wait
- acl_fiber_event_trywait
- acl_fiber_event_notify
< b > ACL_FIBER_SEM< / b >
- acl_fiber_sem_create
- acl_fiber_sem_free
- acl_fiber_sem_wait
- acl_fiber_sem_post
- acl_fiber_sem_num
## 6.6、关于 API Hook
在 Linux/MacOS/FreeBSD 平台上,很多与 IO 和网络相关的的系统 API 被 hook 了,因此,在编译连接时将 libfiber 加上,这样你的应用程序中仅需使用系统标准 IO API, 便可以使你的网络程序自动协程化。下面是一些被 hook 的系统 API 列表:
- close
- sleep
- read
- readv
- recv
- recvfrom
- recvmsg
- write
- writev
- send
- sendto
- sendmsg
- sendfile64
- socket
- listen
- accept
- connect
- select
- poll
- epoll: epoll_create, epoll_ctl, epoll_wait
- gethostbyname(_r)
- getaddrinfo/freeaddrinfo
## 7、更多参考
- Acl网络协程框架编程指南: https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/89007127
- 网络协程编程: https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/88388457
- 编译使用 acl 协程库: https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/88349466
- 使用协程方式编写高并发的 WEB 服务: https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/88349460
- 使用 acl 协程编写高并发网络服务: https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/88349459
- acl开发--协程篇: https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/category_8736935.html