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本模块(lib_fiber)为基于协程方式进行高并发、高性能开发的网络协程库。使用者可以象创建线程一样创建协程,相对于线程而言,协程更为“轻量”,因此使用者可以创建大量(成千上万)的协程。每个协程可以与一个网络连接绑定;同时使用者可以采用“同步”思维方式编写网络程序,而不必象非阻塞程序一样采用异步回调方式,因此使用者使用起来并没有多大编程复杂度。 本网络协程库的协程部分是基于 Russ Cox (golang 的协程作者) 在 2005 年实现的 libtask,libtask 实现了协程编程的基本原型,lib_fiber 一方面使协程编程接口更加简单易用(用户可以直接调用 acl_fiber_create 创建协程),另一方面 lib_fiber 实现了线程安全的协程库,通过给每个线程一个独立的协程调度器,从而方便用户使用多核,此外,lib_fiber 还增加了基于协程的信号量、协程局部变量等功能。 本网络协程库的异步 IO 事件部分基于 redis 中的 event 模块改造而来,增加了延迟删除、句柄缓存等功能。
###示例一 下面是一个简单使用网络协程库编写的一个简单的高并发服务器:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include "lib_acl.h"
#include "fiber/lib_fiber.h"
static int __nconnect = 0;
static int __count = 0;
static char __listen_ip[64];
static int __listen_port = 9001;
static int __listen_qlen = 64;
static int __rw_timeout = 0;
static int __echo_data = 1;
static int __stack_size = 32000;
static int check_read(int fd, int timeout)
{
struct pollfd pfd;
int n;
memset(&pfd, 0, sizeof(struct pollfd));
pfd.fd = fd;
pfd.events = POLLIN;
n = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout);
if (n < 0) {
printf("poll error: %s\r\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
if (n == 0)
return 0;
if (pfd.revents & POLLIN)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
static void echo_client(ACL_FIBER *fiber acl_unused, void *ctx)
{
int *cfd = (int *) ctx;
char buf[8192];
int ret;
printf("client fiber-%d: fd: %d\r\n", acl_fiber_self(), *cfd);
while (1) {
if (__rw_timeout > 0) {
ret = check_read(*cfd, 10000);
if (ret < 0)
break;
if (ret == 0)
continue;
}
ret = read(*cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (ret == 0) {
printf("read close by peer fd: %d\r\n", *cfd);
break;
} else if (ret < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR) {
printf("catch a EINTR signal\r\n");
continue;
}
printf("read error %s, fd: %d\n", strerror(errno), *cfd);
break;
}
__count++;
if (!__echo_data)
continue;
if (write(*cfd, buf, ret) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
printf("write error, fd: %d\r\n", *cfd);
break;
}
}
printf("close %d\r\n", *cfd);
close(*cfd);
free(cfd);
if (--__nconnect == 0) {
printf("\r\n----total read/write: %d----\r\n", __count);
__count = 0;
}
}
static void fiber_accept(ACL_FIBER *fiber acl_unused, void *ctx acl_unused)
{
int lfd, on = 1;
struct sockaddr_in sa;
memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
sa.sin_port = htons(__listen_port);
sa.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(__listen_ip);
lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (lfd < 0)
abort();
if (setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on))) {
printf("setsockopt error %s\r\n", strerror(errno));
exit (1);
}
if (bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &sa, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0) {
printf("bind error %s\r\n", strerror(errno));
exit (1);
}
if (listen(lfd, 128) < 0) {
printf("listen error %s\r\n", strerror(errno));
exit (1);
}
printf("fiber-%d listen %s:%d ok\r\n",
acl_fiber_self(), __listen_ip, __listen_port);
for (;;) {
int len = sizeof(sa), *fd;
int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)& sa, (socklen_t *) &len);
if (cfd < 0) {
printf("accept error %s\r\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}
fd = malloc(sizeof(int));
assert(fd != NULL);
*fd = cfd;
__nconnect++;
printf("accept one, fd: %d\r\n", cfd);
// 将接收到的客户端连接传递给新创建的协程
acl_fiber_create(echo_client, fd, __stack_size);
}
close(lfd);
exit(0);
}
static void usage(const char *procname)
{
printf("usage: %s -h [help]\r\n"
" -s listen_ip\r\n"
" -p listen_port\r\n"
" -r rw_timeout\r\n"
" -q listen_queue\r\n"
" -z stack_size\r\n"
" -S [if using single IO, default: no]\r\n", procname);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ch;
snprintf(__listen_ip, sizeof(__listen_ip), "%s", "127.0.0.1");
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "hs:p:r:q:Sz:")) > 0) {
switch (ch) {
case 'h':
usage(argv[0]);
return 0;
case 's':
snprintf(__listen_ip, sizeof(__listen_ip), "%s", optarg);
break;
case 'p':
__listen_port = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'r':
__rw_timeout = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'q':
__listen_qlen = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'S':
__echo_data = 0;
break;
case 'z':
__stack_size = atoi(optarg);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
acl_msg_stdout_enable(1);
printf("%s: call fiber_creater\r\n", __FUNCTION__);
// 创建监听协程
acl_fiber_create(fiber_accept, NULL, 32768);
printf("call fiber_schedule\r\n");
// 开始协程调度过程
acl_fiber_schedule();
return 0;
}
###示例二 上面的例子中因为使用了系统原生的网络 API,所以感觉代码有些臃肿,下面的例子使用 acl 库中提供的网络 API,显得更为简单些:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
class fiber_client : public acl::fiber
{
public:
fiber_client(acl::socket_stream* conn) : conn_(conn) {}
protected:
// @override
void run(void)
{
printf("fiber-%d-%d running\r\n", get_id(), acl::fiber::self());
char buf[8192];
while (true)
{
int ret = conn_->read(buf, sizeof(buf), false);
if (ret == -1)
break;
if (conn_->write(buf, ret) == -1)
break;
}
delete conn_;
delete this;
}
private:
acl::socket_stream* conn_;
~fiber_client(void) {}
};
class fiber_server : public acl::fiber
{
public:
fiber_server(acl::server_socket& ss) : ss_(ss) {}
~fiber_server(void) {}
protected:
// @override
void run(void)
{
while (true)
{
acl::socket_stream* conn = ss_.accept();
if (conn == NULL)
{
printf("accept error %s\r\n", acl::last_serror());
break;
}
printf("accept ok, fd: %d\r\n", conn->sock_handle());
// create one fiber for one connection
fiber_client* fc = new fiber_client(conn);
// start the fiber
fc->start();
continue;
}
}
private:
acl::server_socket& ss_;
};
static void usage(const char* procname)
{
printf("usage: %s -h [help] -s listen_addr\r\n", procname);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ch;
acl::acl_cpp_init();
acl::string addr("127.0.0.1:9006");
acl::log::stdout_open(true);
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "hs:")) > 0)
{
switch (ch)
{
case 'h':
usage(argv[0]);
return 0;
case 's':
addr = optarg;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
acl::server_socket ss;
if (ss.open(addr) == false)
{
printf("listen %s error %s\r\n", addr.c_str(), acl::last_serror());
return 1;
}
printf("listen %s ok\r\n", addr.c_str());
fiber_server fs(ss);
fs.start(); // start listen fiber
acl::fiber::schedule(); // start fiber schedule
return 0;
}
###示例三 如果使用C++11的特性,则示例二会更为简单,如下:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static void fiber_client(acl::socket_stream* conn)
{
printf("fiber-%d running\r\n", acl::fiber::self());
char buf[8192];
while (true)
{
int ret = conn->read(buf, sizeof(buf), false);
if (ret == -1)
break;
if (conn->write(buf, ret) == -1)
break;
}
delete conn;
}
static void fiber_server(acl::server_socket& ss)
{
while (true)
{
acl::socket_stream* conn = ss.accept();
if (conn == NULL)
{
printf("accept error %s\r\n", acl::last_serror());
break;
}
printf("accept ok, fd: %d\r\n", conn->sock_handle());
go[=] {
fiber_client(conn);
};
}
}
static void usage(const char* procname)
{
printf("usage: %s -h [help] -s listen_addr\r\n", procname);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ch;
acl::acl_cpp_init();
acl::string addr("127.0.0.1:9006");
acl::log::stdout_open(true);
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "hs:")) > 0)
{
switch (ch)
{
case 'h':
usage(argv[0]);
return 0;
case 's':
addr = optarg;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
acl::server_socket ss;
if (ss.open(addr) == false)
{
printf("listen %s error %s\r\n", addr.c_str(), acl::last_serror());
return 1;
}
printf("listen %s ok\r\n", addr.c_str());
go[&] {
fiber_server(ss);
};
acl::fiber::schedule(); // start fiber schedule
return 0;
}
###参考
- 网络协程编程:http://zsxxsz.iteye.com/blog/2312043
- 用协程编写高并发网络服务:http://zsxxsz.iteye.com/blog/2309654
- 使用协程方式编写高并发的WEB服务:http://zsxxsz.iteye.com/blog/2309665