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603 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
603 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
# 高性能网络协程库,支持 Linux/BSD/Mac/Windows
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[English](README_en.md)
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* [1、概述](#1概述)
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* [2、支持的事件引擎](#2支持的事件引擎)
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* [3、示例](#3示例)
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* [3.1、基于协程的网络服务器](#31基于协程的网络服务器)
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* [3.2、基于协程的客户端程序](#32基于协程的客户端程序)
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* [3.3、使用 acl 网络库例子](#33使用-acl-网络库例子)
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* [3.4、使用C++11示例](#34使用C11示例)
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* [3.5、基于协程的 Windows 界面网络程序](#35基于协程的-Windows-界面网络程序)
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* [3.6、更多例子](#36更多例子)
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* [4、编译协程库](#4编译协程库)
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* [4.1、在 Unix 平台编译](#41在-Unix-平台编译)
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* [4.2、在 Windows 平台编译](#42在-Windows-平台编译)
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* [4.3、编译使用 io_uring](#43编译使用-iouring)
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### 4.3、编译使用 io_uring
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* [5、性能测试](#5性能测试)
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* [6、API 列表](#6API-列表)
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* [6.1、Base API](#61Base-API)
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* [6.2、IO API](#62IO-API)
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* [6.3、Net API](#63Net-API)
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* [6.4、Channel API](#64Channel-API)
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* [6.5、Sync API](#65Sync-API)
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* [6.6、关于 API Hook](#66关于-API-Hook)
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* [7、更多参考](#7更多参考)
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## 1、概述
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本协程库为 [acl 工程](#https://github.com/acl-dev/acl) 的协程模块,该模块提供了 C 库和 C++ 库,其中 C 库实现了有关协程的核心功能,C++ 库是对 C 库的封装,从而更方便使用者快速开发协程类应用。目前支持的操作系统有:Linux,FreeBSD,MacOS 和 Windows,支持的事件类型有:select,poll,epoll,kqueue,iocp 及 Windows GUI 窗口消息。通过 libfiber 网络协程库,用户可以非常容易地写出高性能、高可靠的网络通信服务。因为使用了同步顺序编程的思维方式,相对于异步模式(无论是 reactor 模型还是 proactor 模型),编写网络应用更加简单。
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libfiber 不仅支持常见的 IO 事件引擎,而且支持 Win32 GUI 界面消息引擎,这样当你使用 MFC,wtl 或其它 GUI 界面库编写界面网络应用时,也会变得异常简单,这的确是件令人兴奋的事。
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## 2、支持的事件引擎
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以下为 libfiber 所支持的事件引擎:
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- **Linux:** select/poll/epoll(Linux2.6+)/io_uring(Linux5.1+)
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- **BSD:** select/poll/kqueue
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- **Mac:** select/poll/kqueue
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- **Windows:** select/poll/IOCP/Windows GUI Message
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## 3、示例
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### 3.1、基于协程的网络服务器
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```C
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// fiber_server.c
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <assert.h>
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#include "fiber/lib_fiber.h"
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#include "patch.h" // in lib_fiber/samples/patch.h
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static size_t __stack_size = 128000;
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static const char *__listen_ip = "127.0.0.1";
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static int __listen_port = 9001;
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static void fiber_client(ACL_FIBER *fb, void *ctx)
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{
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SOCKET *pfd = (SOCKET *) ctx;
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char buf[8192];
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while (1) {
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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int ret = acl_fiber_recv(*pfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
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#else
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int ret = recv(*pfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
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#endif
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if (ret == 0) {
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break;
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} else if (ret < 0) {
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if (acl_fiber_last_error() == FIBER_EINTR) {
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continue;
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}
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break;
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}
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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if (acl_fiber_send(*pfd, buf, ret, 0) < 0) {
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#else
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if (send(*pfd, buf, ret, 0) < 0) {
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#endif
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break;
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}
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}
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socket_close(*pfd);
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free(pfd);
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}
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static void fiber_accept(ACL_FIBER *fb, void *ctx)
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{
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const char *addr = (const char *) ctx;
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SOCKET lfd = socket_listen(__listen_ip, __listen_port);
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assert(lfd >= 0);
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for (;;) {
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SOCKET *pfd, cfd = socket_accept(lfd);
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if (cfd == INVALID_SOCKET) {
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printf("accept error %s\r\n", acl_fiber_last_serror());
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break;
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}
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pfd = (SOCKET *) malloc(sizeof(SOCKET));
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*pfd = cfd;
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// create and start one fiber to handle the client socket IO
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acl_fiber_create(fiber_client, pfd, __stack_size);
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}
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socket_close(lfd);
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exit (0);
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}
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// FIBER_EVENT_KERNEL represents the event type on
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// Linux(epoll), BSD(kqueue), Mac(kqueue), Windows(iocp)
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// FIBER_EVENT_POLL: poll on Linux/BSD/Mac/Windows
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// FIBER_EVENT_SELECT: select on Linux/BSD/Mac/Windows
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// FIBER_EVENT_WMSG: Win GUI message on Windows
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// acl_fiber_create/acl_fiber_schedule_with are in `lib_fiber.h`.
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// socket_listen/socket_accept/socket_close are in patch.c of the samples path.
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int main(void)
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{
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int event_mode = FIBER_EVENT_KERNEL;
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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socket_init();
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#endif
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// create one fiber to accept connections
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acl_fiber_create(fiber_accept, NULL, __stack_size);
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// start the fiber schedule process
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acl_fiber_schedule_with(event_mode);
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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socket_end();
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#endif
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return 0;
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}
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```
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### 3.2、基于协程的客户端程序
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```C
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// fiber_client.c
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <assert.h>
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#include "fiber/lib_fiber.h"
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#include "patch.h" // in lib_fiber/samples/patch.h
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static const char *__server_ip = "127.0.0.1";
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static int __server_port = 9001;
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// socket_init/socket_end/socket_connect/socket_close are in patch.c of the samples path
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static void fiber_client(ACL_FIBER *fb, void *ctx)
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{
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SOCKET cfd = socket_connect(__server_ip, __server_port);
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const char *s = "hello world\r\n";
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char buf[8192];
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int i, ret;
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if (cfd == INVALID_SOCKET) {
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return;
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}
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for (i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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if (acl_fiber_send(cfd, s, strlen(s), 0) <= 0) {
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#else
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if (send(cfd, s, strlen(s), 0) <= 0) {
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#endif
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printf("send error %s\r\n", acl_fiber_last_serror());
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break;
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}
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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ret = acl_fiber_recv(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
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#else
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ret = recv(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
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#endif
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if (ret <= 0) {
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break;
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}
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}
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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acl_fiber_close(cfd);
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#else
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close(cfd);
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#endif
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}
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int main(void)
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{
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int event_mode = FIBER_EVENT_KERNEL;
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size_t stack_size = 128000;
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int i;
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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socket_init();
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#endif
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for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
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acl_fiber_create(fiber_client, NULL, stack_size);
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}
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acl_fiber_schedule_with(event_mode);
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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socket_end();
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#endif
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return 0;
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}
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```
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### 3.3、使用 acl 网络库例子
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上面的例子中因为使用了系统原生的网络 API,所以感觉代码有些臃肿,下面的例子使用 acl 库中提供的网络 API,显得更为简单些:
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```c++
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#include "stdafx.h"
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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class fiber_client : public acl::fiber
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{
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public:
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fiber_client(acl::socket_stream* conn) : conn_(conn) {}
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protected:
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// @override
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void run(void)
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{
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printf("fiber-%d-%d running\r\n", get_id(), acl::fiber::self());
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char buf[8192];
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while (true) {
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int ret = conn_->read(buf, sizeof(buf), false);
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if (ret == -1) {
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break;
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}
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if (conn_->write(buf, ret) == -1) {
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break;
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}
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}
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delete conn_;
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delete this;
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}
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private:
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acl::socket_stream* conn_;
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~fiber_client(void) {}
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};
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class fiber_server : public acl::fiber
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{
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public:
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fiber_server(acl::server_socket& ss) : ss_(ss) {}
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~fiber_server(void) {}
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protected:
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// @override
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void run(void)
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{
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while (true) {
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acl::socket_stream* conn = ss_.accept();
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if (conn == NULL) {
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printf("accept error %s\r\n", acl::last_serror());
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break;
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}
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printf("accept ok, fd: %d\r\n", conn->sock_handle());
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// create one fiber for one connection
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fiber_client* fc = new fiber_client(conn);
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// start the fiber
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fc->start();
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}
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}
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private:
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acl::server_socket& ss_;
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};
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static void usage(const char* procname)
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{
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printf("usage: %s -h [help] -s listen_addr\r\n", procname);
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}
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int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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int ch;
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acl::acl_cpp_init();
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acl::string addr("127.0.0.1:9006");
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acl::log::stdout_open(true);
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while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "hs:")) > 0) {
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switch (ch) {
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case 'h':
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usage(argv[0]);
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return 0;
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case 's':
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addr = optarg;
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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}
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acl::server_socket ss;
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if (ss.open(addr) == false) {
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printf("listen %s error %s\r\n", addr.c_str(), acl::last_serror());
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return 1;
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}
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printf("listen %s ok\r\n", addr.c_str());
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fiber_server fs(ss);
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fs.start(); // start listen fiber
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acl::fiber::schedule(); // start fiber schedule
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return 0;
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}
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```
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### 3.4、使用C++11示例
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如果使用C++11的特性,则示上面例更为简单,如下:
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```c++
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#include "stdafx.h"
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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static void fiber_client(acl::socket_stream* conn)
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{
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printf("fiber-%d running\r\n", acl::fiber::self());
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char buf[8192];
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while (true) {
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int ret = conn->read(buf, sizeof(buf), false);
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if (ret == -1) {
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break;
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}
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if (conn->write(buf, ret) == -1) {
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break;
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}
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}
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delete conn;
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}
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static void fiber_server(acl::server_socket& ss)
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{
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while (true) {
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acl::socket_stream* conn = ss.accept();
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if (conn == NULL) {
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printf("accept error %s\r\n", acl::last_serror());
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break;
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}
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printf("accept ok, fd: %d\r\n", conn->sock_handle());
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go[=] {
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fiber_client(conn);
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};
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}
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}
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static void usage(const char* procname)
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{
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printf("usage: %s -h [help] -s listen_addr\r\n", procname);
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}
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int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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int ch;
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acl::acl_cpp_init();
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acl::string addr("127.0.0.1:9006");
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acl::log::stdout_open(true);
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while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "hs:")) > 0) {
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switch (ch) {
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case 'h':
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usage(argv[0]);
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return 0;
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case 's':
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addr = optarg;
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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}
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acl::server_socket ss;
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if (ss.open(addr) == false) {
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printf("listen %s error %s\r\n", addr.c_str(), acl::last_serror());
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return 1;
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}
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printf("listen %s ok\r\n", addr.c_str());
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go[&] {
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fiber_server(ss);
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};
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acl::fiber::schedule(); // start fiber schedule
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return 0;
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}
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```
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### 3.5、基于协程的 Windows 界面网络程序
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在[示例目录](samples/WinEchod) 下为基于协程的 Windows 界面网络程序,程序运行截屏如![图](res/winecho.png)
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该 Windows 界面程序包含`网络服务器`和`网络客户端`两个功能。在运行时,服务模块和客户端模块运行在 Windows 界面线程中,因为协程库使用了 Windows 界面消息泵,所以协程模块可以与界面上元素成为`一体`而不必跨越线程,也不必使用令人烦恼的异步套接字 API。
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### 3.6、更多例子
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在 [acl工程中](https://github.com/acl-dev/acl/tree/master/lib_fiber/samples),有更多的示例来描述网络协程编程,当然,这些例子还大量使用了 [acl 库](https://github.com/acl-dev/acl/)中的其它库的 API。
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## 4、编译协程库
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### 4.1、在 Unix 平台编译
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```
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$cd lib_fiber
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$make
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$cd samples
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$make
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```
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则会在 `lib_fiber/lib/` 目录下生成 `libfiber.a` 和 `libfiber_cpp.a`,分别对应着 C 和 C++ 版本的协程库,其中 `libfiber_cpp.a` 是用 C++ 对 `libfiber.a` 的二次封装。
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<b>下面给出了一个例子的 Makefile 内容:</b>
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```
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fiber_server: fiber_server.c
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gcc -o fiber_server fiber_server.c patch.c -I{path_of_fiber_header} -L{path_of_fiber_lib) -lfiber -ldl -lpthread
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fiber_client: fiber_client.c
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gcc -o fiber_client fiber_client.c patch.c -I{path_of_fiber_header} -L{path_of_fiber_lib) -lfiber -ldl -lpthread
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```
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如果编译并使用 acl 基础库和 libfiber_cpp.a,则需要注意库的依赖关系:
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```
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fiber_server: fiber_server.cpp
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g++ -o fiber_server fiber_server.cpp -lfiber_cpp -lacl_cpp -lprotocol -lacl -lfiber
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```
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在该 Makefile 中,-lfiber_cpp 放到最前面,是因为其依赖于其它几个库,而 -lfiber 放在最后,是因为该库需要 hook 系统 IO 操作。
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### 4.2、在 Windows 平台编译
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目前可以使用 vc2012/vc2013/vc2015 分别打开 [fiber_vc2012.sln](fiber_vc2012.sln) /[fiber_vc2013.sln](fiber_vc2013.sln)/[fiber_vc2015.sln](fiber_vc2015.sln) 编译 libfiber 库。
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### 4.3、编译使用 io_uring
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在 Linux5.1 以上版本开始支持新的事件引擎 io_uring,该引擎为IO异步完成模型,同时支持网络套接口及文件IO操作,效率基本与 epoll 相当,但因为 io_uring 本身提供的系统 API 较为复杂,所以 Jens Axboe(磁盘压测工具fio作者)提供了二次封装从而使调用过程变得简单(可以从:https://github.com/axboe/liburing 下载),目前在 Acl 协程中也是通过调用 liburing 中的 API 来使用系统中的 io_uring 功能;下面给出了在 Acl 协程中编译及使用 io_uring 的过程如下:
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- 可从 Ubuntu 官网下下载最新版本的 Ubuntu(已经支持了高版本的Linux内核,从而支持了io_uring);
|
||
- 从 https://github.com/axboe/liburing 下载 liburing 库,并编译安装;
|
||
- 从 https://github.com/acl-dev/acl 下载 acl 源码;
|
||
- 在 shell 环境中设置环境变量打开 acl 中支持 io_uring 的编译条件:`export HAS_IO_URING=yes`;
|
||
- 进入 acl/lib_fiber/c/ 目录运行 `make` 编译 acl 协程库(因为上面已经设置了支持io_uring的环境变量,在Makefile文件中自动增加编译选项 `-DHAS_IO_URING`)
|
||
- 进入 acl/lib_fiber/samples/ 目录,然后再分别进入 server2, client2, file 三个例子编译(需在设置了 HAS_IO_URING=yes 的 shell 环境中编译);
|
||
- 进入 server2/ 目录,运行时加上io_uring启动参数:`./server -e io_uring` ;
|
||
- 进入 client2/ 目录,运行时加上io_uring启动参数:`./client -e io_uring` ;
|
||
|
||
## 5、性能测试
|
||
下面仅做了简单的 IOPS (网络 IO 性能)的测试,同时和其它协程库做了简单的对比:
|
||
![Benchmark](res/benchmark.png)
|
||
其它的网络协程库有:[libmill](https://github.com/sustrik/libmill),golang 和 [libco](https://github.com/Tencent/libco)。其中,各个库的压测示例:
|
||
1. 基于 libmill 和 libco 的压测用例在 [目录](benchmark) 下;
|
||
2. 基于 Golang 的压测用例在 [目录](https://github.com/acl-dev/master-go/tree/master/examples/echo)中;
|
||
3. 基于 libfiber 的压测用例:[示例](samples/server);
|
||
4. 客户端压测程序:https://github.com/acl-dev/acl/tree/master/lib_fiber/samples/client2
|
||
|
||
## 6、API 列表
|
||
|
||
### 6.1、Base API
|
||
- acl_fiber_create
|
||
- acl_fiber_self
|
||
- acl_fiber_status
|
||
- acl_fiber_kill
|
||
- acl_fiber_killed
|
||
- acl_fiber_signal
|
||
- acl_fiber_yield
|
||
- acl_fiber_ready
|
||
- acl_fiber_switch
|
||
- acl_fiber_schedule_init
|
||
- acl_fiber_schedule
|
||
- acl_fiber_schedule_with
|
||
- acl_fiber_scheduled
|
||
- acl_fiber_schedule_stop
|
||
- acl_fiber_set_specific
|
||
- acl_fiber_get_specific
|
||
- acl_fiber_delay
|
||
- acl_fiber_last_error
|
||
- acl_fiber_last_serror
|
||
|
||
### 6.2、IO API
|
||
- acl_fiber_recv
|
||
- acl_fiber_recvfrom
|
||
- acl_fiber_read
|
||
- acl_fiber_readv
|
||
- acl_fiber_recvmsg
|
||
- acl_fiber_write
|
||
- acl_fiber_writev
|
||
- acl_fiber_send
|
||
- acl_fiber_sendto
|
||
- acl_fiber_sendmsg
|
||
- acl_fiber_select
|
||
- acl_fiber_poll
|
||
- acl_fiber_close
|
||
|
||
### 6.3、Net API
|
||
- acl_fiber_socket
|
||
- acl_fiber_listen
|
||
- acl_fiber_accept
|
||
- acl_fiber_connect
|
||
- acl_fiber_gethostbyname_r
|
||
- acl_fiber_getaddrinfo
|
||
- acl_fiber_freeaddrinfo
|
||
|
||
### 6.4、Channel API
|
||
- acl_channel_create
|
||
- acl_channel_free
|
||
- acl_channel_send
|
||
- acl_channel_send_nb
|
||
- acl_channel_recv
|
||
- acl_channel_recv_nb
|
||
- acl_channel_sendp
|
||
- acl_channel_recvp
|
||
- acl_channel_sendp_nb
|
||
- acl_channel_recvp_nb
|
||
- acl_channel_sendul
|
||
- acl_channel_recvul
|
||
- acl_channel_sendul_nb
|
||
- acl_channel_recvul_nb
|
||
|
||
### 6.5、Sync API
|
||
<b>ACL_FIBER_MUTEX</b>
|
||
- acl_fiber_mutex_create
|
||
- acl_fiber_mutex_free
|
||
- acl_fiber_mutex_lock
|
||
- acl_fiber_mutex_trylock
|
||
- acl_fiber_mutex_unlock
|
||
|
||
<b>ACL_FIBER_RWLOCK</b>
|
||
- acl_fiber_rwlock_create
|
||
- acl_fiber_rwlock_free
|
||
- acl_fiber_rwlock_rlock
|
||
- acl_fiber_rwlock_tryrlock
|
||
- acl_fiber_rwlock_wlock
|
||
- acl_fiber_rwlock_trywlock
|
||
- acl_fiber_rwlock_runlock
|
||
- acl_fiber_rwlock_wunlock
|
||
|
||
<b>ACL_FIBER_EVENT</b>
|
||
- acl_fiber_event_create
|
||
- acl_fiber_event_free
|
||
- acl_fiber_event_wait
|
||
- acl_fiber_event_trywait
|
||
- acl_fiber_event_notify
|
||
|
||
<b>ACL_FIBER_SEM</b>
|
||
- acl_fiber_sem_create
|
||
- acl_fiber_sem_free
|
||
- acl_fiber_sem_wait
|
||
- acl_fiber_sem_post
|
||
- acl_fiber_sem_num
|
||
|
||
## 6.6、关于 API Hook
|
||
在 Linux/MacOS/FreeBSD 平台上,很多与 IO 和网络相关的的系统 API 被 hook 了,因此,在编译连接时将 libfiber 加上,这样你的应用程序中仅需使用系统标准 IO API,便可以使你的网络程序自动协程化。下面是一些被 hook 的系统 API 列表:
|
||
- socket/listen/accept/connect
|
||
- select/poll/epoll: epoll_create, epoll_ctl, epoll_wait
|
||
- read/readv/recv/recvfrom/recvmsg/write/writev/send/sendto/sendmsg
|
||
- pread/pwrite/splice/sendfile64
|
||
- gethostbyname(_r)/getaddrinfo/freeaddrinfo
|
||
- open/openat/close/unlink/rename/renameat/renameat2/stat/statx/mkdir/mkdirat
|
||
- sleep
|
||
|
||
## 7、更多参考
|
||
|
||
- Acl网络协程框架编程指南: https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/89007127
|
||
- 网络协程编程:https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/88388457
|
||
- 编译使用 acl 协程库:https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/88349466
|
||
- 使用协程方式编写高并发的 WEB 服务:https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/88349460
|
||
- 使用 acl 协程编写高并发网络服务:https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/article/details/88349459
|
||
- acl开发--协程篇:https://blog.csdn.net/zsxxsz/category_8736935.html
|