mirror of
https://gitee.com/acl-dev/acl.git
synced 2024-12-15 09:20:52 +08:00
474 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
474 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
<!doctype refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN" [
|
|
|
|
<!-- Process this file with docbook-to-man to generate an nroff manual
|
|
page: `docbook-to-man manpage.sgml > manpage.1'. You may view
|
|
the manual page with: `docbook-to-man manpage.sgml | nroff -man |
|
|
less'. A typical entry in a Makefile or Makefile.am is:
|
|
|
|
manpage.1: manpage.sgml
|
|
docbook-to-man $< > $@
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Fill in your name for FIRSTNAME and SURNAME. -->
|
|
<!ENTITY dhfirstname "<firstname>Scott</firstname>">
|
|
<!ENTITY dhsurname "<surname>Bronson</surname>">
|
|
<!-- Please adjust the date whenever revising the manpage. -->
|
|
<!ENTITY dhdate "<date>December 5, 2001</date>">
|
|
<!-- SECTION should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection other parameters are
|
|
allowed: see man(7), man(1). -->
|
|
<!ENTITY dhsection "<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>">
|
|
<!ENTITY dhemail "<email>bronson@rinspin.com</email>">
|
|
<!ENTITY dhusername "Scott Bronson">
|
|
<!ENTITY dhucpackage "<refentrytitle>XMLWF</refentrytitle>">
|
|
<!ENTITY dhpackage "xmlwf">
|
|
|
|
<!ENTITY debian "<productname>Debian GNU/Linux</productname>">
|
|
<!ENTITY gnu "<acronym>GNU</acronym>">
|
|
]>
|
|
|
|
<refentry>
|
|
<refentryinfo>
|
|
<address>
|
|
&dhemail;
|
|
</address>
|
|
<author>
|
|
&dhfirstname;
|
|
&dhsurname;
|
|
</author>
|
|
<copyright>
|
|
<year>2001</year>
|
|
<holder>&dhusername;</holder>
|
|
</copyright>
|
|
&dhdate;
|
|
</refentryinfo>
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
&dhucpackage;
|
|
|
|
&dhsection;
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>&dhpackage;</refname>
|
|
|
|
<refpurpose>Determines if an XML document is well-formed</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>&dhpackage;</command>
|
|
<arg><option>-s</option></arg>
|
|
<arg><option>-n</option></arg>
|
|
<arg><option>-p</option></arg>
|
|
<arg><option>-x</option></arg>
|
|
|
|
<arg><option>-e <replaceable>encoding</replaceable></option></arg>
|
|
<arg><option>-w</option></arg>
|
|
|
|
<arg><option>-d <replaceable>output-dir</replaceable></option></arg>
|
|
<arg><option>-c</option></arg>
|
|
<arg><option>-m</option></arg>
|
|
|
|
<arg><option>-r</option></arg>
|
|
<arg><option>-t</option></arg>
|
|
|
|
<arg><option>-v</option></arg>
|
|
|
|
<arg>file ...</arg>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command>&dhpackage;</command> uses the Expat library to
|
|
determine if an XML document is well-formed. It is
|
|
non-validating.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you do not specify any files on the command-line, and you
|
|
have a recent version of <command>&dhpackage;</command>, the
|
|
input file will be read from standard input.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>WELL-FORMED DOCUMENTS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
A well-formed document must adhere to the
|
|
following rules:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
The file begins with an XML declaration. For instance,
|
|
<literal><?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?></literal>.
|
|
<emphasis>NOTE:</emphasis>
|
|
<command>&dhpackage;</command> does not currently
|
|
check for a valid XML declaration.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Every start tag is either empty (<tag/>)
|
|
or has a corresponding end tag.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
There is exactly one root element. This element must contain
|
|
all other elements in the document. Only comments, white
|
|
space, and processing instructions may come after the close
|
|
of the root element.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
All elements nest properly.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
All attribute values are enclosed in quotes (either single
|
|
or double).
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the document has a DTD, and it strictly complies with that
|
|
DTD, then the document is also considered <emphasis>valid</emphasis>.
|
|
<command>&dhpackage;</command> is a non-validating parser --
|
|
it does not check the DTD. However, it does support
|
|
external entities (see the <option>-x</option> option).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>OPTIONS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
When an option includes an argument, you may specify the argument either
|
|
separately ("<option>-d</option> output") or concatenated with the
|
|
option ("<option>-d</option>output"). <command>&dhpackage;</command>
|
|
supports both.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-c</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the input file is well-formed and <command>&dhpackage;</command>
|
|
doesn't encounter any errors, the input file is simply copied to
|
|
the output directory unchanged.
|
|
This implies no namespaces (turns off <option>-n</option>) and
|
|
requires <option>-d</option> to specify an output file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-d output-dir</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies a directory to contain transformed
|
|
representations of the input files.
|
|
By default, <option>-d</option> outputs a canonical representation
|
|
(described below).
|
|
You can select different output formats using <option>-c</option>
|
|
and <option>-m</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The output filenames will
|
|
be exactly the same as the input filenames or "STDIN" if the input is
|
|
coming from standard input. Therefore, you must be careful that the
|
|
output file does not go into the same directory as the input
|
|
file. Otherwise, <command>&dhpackage;</command> will delete the
|
|
input file before it generates the output file (just like running
|
|
<literal>cat < file > file</literal> in most shells).
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Two structurally equivalent XML documents have a byte-for-byte
|
|
identical canonical XML representation.
|
|
Note that ignorable white space is considered significant and
|
|
is treated equivalently to data.
|
|
More on canonical XML can be found at
|
|
http://www.jclark.com/xml/canonxml.html .
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-e encoding</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies the character encoding for the document, overriding
|
|
any document encoding declaration. <command>&dhpackage;</command>
|
|
supports four built-in encodings:
|
|
<literal>US-ASCII</literal>,
|
|
<literal>UTF-8</literal>,
|
|
<literal>UTF-16</literal>, and
|
|
<literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>.
|
|
Also see the <option>-w</option> option.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-m</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Outputs some strange sort of XML file that completely
|
|
describes the the input file, including character postitions.
|
|
Requires <option>-d</option> to specify an output file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-n</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Turns on namespace processing. (describe namespaces)
|
|
<option>-c</option> disables namespaces.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-p</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Tells xmlwf to process external DTDs and parameter
|
|
entities.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Normally <command>&dhpackage;</command> never parses parameter
|
|
entities. <option>-p</option> tells it to always parse them.
|
|
<option>-p</option> implies <option>-x</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-r</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Normally <command>&dhpackage;</command> memory-maps the XML file
|
|
before parsing; this can result in faster parsing on many
|
|
platforms.
|
|
<option>-r</option> turns off memory-mapping and uses normal file
|
|
IO calls instead.
|
|
Of course, memory-mapping is automatically turned off
|
|
when reading from standard input.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use of memory-mapping can cause some platforms to report
|
|
substantially higher memory usage for
|
|
<command>&dhpackage;</command>, but this appears to be a matter of
|
|
the operating system reporting memory in a strange way; there is
|
|
not a leak in <command>&dhpackage;</command>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-s</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Prints an error if the document is not standalone.
|
|
A document is standalone if it has no external subset and no
|
|
references to parameter entities.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-t</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Turns on timings. This tells Expat to parse the entire file,
|
|
but not perform any processing.
|
|
This gives a fairly accurate idea of the raw speed of Expat itself
|
|
without client overhead.
|
|
<option>-t</option> turns off most of the output options
|
|
(<option>-d</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-c</option>,
|
|
...).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-v</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Prints the version of the Expat library being used, including some
|
|
information on the compile-time configuration of the library, and
|
|
then exits.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-w</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Enables support for Windows code pages.
|
|
Normally, <command>&dhpackage;</command> will throw an error if it
|
|
runs across an encoding that it is not equipped to handle itself. With
|
|
<option>-w</option>, &dhpackage; will try to use a Windows code
|
|
page. See also <option>-e</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-x</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Turns on parsing external entities.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Non-validating parsers are not required to resolve external
|
|
entities, or even expand entities at all.
|
|
Expat always expands internal entities (?),
|
|
but external entity parsing must be enabled explicitly.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
External entities are simply entities that obtain their
|
|
data from outside the XML file currently being parsed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This is an example of an internal entity:
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
<!ENTITY vers '1.0.2'>
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
And here are some examples of external entities:
|
|
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
<!ENTITY header SYSTEM "header-&vers;.xml"> (parsed)
|
|
<!ENTITY logo SYSTEM "logo.png" PNG> (unparsed)
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
(Two hyphens.)
|
|
Terminates the list of options. This is only needed if a filename
|
|
starts with a hyphen. For example:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
&dhpackage; -- -myfile.xml
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
<para>
|
|
will run <command>&dhpackage;</command> on the file
|
|
<filename>-myfile.xml</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Older versions of <command>&dhpackage;</command> do not support
|
|
reading from standard input.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>OUTPUT</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an input file is not well-formed,
|
|
<command>&dhpackage;</command> prints a single line describing
|
|
the problem to standard output. If a file is well formed,
|
|
<command>&dhpackage;</command> outputs nothing.
|
|
Note that the result code is <emphasis>not</emphasis> set.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>BUGS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
According to the W3C standard, an XML file without a
|
|
declaration at the beginning is not considered well-formed.
|
|
However, <command>&dhpackage;</command> allows this to pass.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command>&dhpackage;</command> returns a 0 - noerr result,
|
|
even if the file is not well-formed. There is no good way for
|
|
a program to use <command>&dhpackage;</command> to quickly
|
|
check a file -- it must parse <command>&dhpackage;</command>'s
|
|
standard output.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The errors should go to standard error, not standard output.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
There should be a way to get <option>-d</option> to send its
|
|
output to standard output rather than forcing the user to send
|
|
it to a file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
I have no idea why anyone would want to use the
|
|
<option>-d</option>, <option>-c</option>, and
|
|
<option>-m</option> options. If someone could explain it to
|
|
me, I'd like to add this information to this manpage.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>ALTERNATIVES</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Here are some XML validators on the web:
|
|
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
http://www.hcrc.ed.ac.uk/~richard/xml-check.html
|
|
http://www.stg.brown.edu/service/xmlvalid/
|
|
http://www.scripting.com/frontier5/xml/code/xmlValidator.html
|
|
http://www.xml.com/pub/a/tools/ruwf/check.html
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
The Expat home page: http://www.libexpat.org/
|
|
The W3 XML specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>AUTHOR</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This manual page was written by &dhusername; &dhemail; for
|
|
the &debian; system (but may be used by others). Permission is
|
|
granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
|
|
the terms of the <acronym>GNU</acronym> Free Documentation
|
|
License, Version 1.1.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
Local variables:
|
|
mode: sgml
|
|
sgml-omittag:t
|
|
sgml-shorttag:t
|
|
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
|
|
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
|
|
sgml-indent-step:2
|
|
sgml-indent-data:t
|
|
sgml-parent-document:nil
|
|
sgml-default-dtd-file:nil
|
|
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
|
|
sgml-local-catalogs:nil
|
|
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
|
|
End:
|
|
-->
|