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2020-02-27 10:53:30 +08:00
---
category: 全局样式
order: 6
title: 阴影
---
阴影来源于现实生活的反映物体与物体之间距离的物理现象。在界面中,我们往往通过模拟元素的投影直截了当的来告诉用户,元素之间的高度距离与层次关系。
## 高度
阴影是由两个不同阶层的平面产生,且强度由两者之间的距离决定。所以物体的高度直接影响物体的阴影,对象离地面越远阴影越大,模糊值越高。我们将系统分为无、低、中、高四个 UI 层级,各自分布在不同的高度层级,阴影属性也有所不同。
<div>
<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*o-OFQK5hJP0AAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="高度">
</div>
**第 0 层**:物体紧贴地面,投影与物体完全重叠,在界面中不对此层定义阴影值。如:输入框等;
<div>
<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*li3zQbxRuOMAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="高度">
</div>
**第 1 层**: 物体位于低层级,此时物体被操作(悬停、点击等)触发为悬浮状态,当操作完成或取消时,悬停状态反馈也跟随消失,物体回归到原有的层级中,如:卡片 hover 等;
<div>
<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*mXnoSI8MWuEAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="高度">
</div>
**第 2 层**:物体位于中层级,此时物体与基准面的关系是展开并跟随,物体由地面上的元素展开产生,会跟随元素所在层级的移动而移动,如:下拉面板等;
<div>
<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*yNOwR6Gqy4MAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="高度">
</div>
**第 3 层**:物体位于高层级,该物体的运动和其他层级没有关联,如:对话框等。
<div>
<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*4pFoR4gWL2oAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="高度">
</div>
## 光源
阴影的方向是由光源与物体的相对位置所决定的。假定光源所处高度不变,光源与物体的距离和物体与阴影的距离成正比。光源越远,则阴影距离物体越远。阴影的方向在界面里通常使用 `X, Y` 坐标轴来表示。
<div>
<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*1oijTJh2HEIAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="阴影值">
</div>
## 阴影值
综上可知。阴影由光照而产生。主要影响其值的是物体高度与光源位置:
1. 在不同高度上时,投射出的阴影颜色、模糊度、面积都有所区分。离地面越远的物体,产生的阴影颜色越淡、模糊度越高、面积越大;反之则颜色更深、模糊度越低、面积越小;
2. 而投影的方向主要由光源与物体的相对位置决定。在 Ant Design 中不同的阴影方向使用在不同的地方:
- 阴影向下:主要应用在组件内部或组件本身,是比较常规场景的用法
- 阴影向上:主要应用与底部导航或工具栏等
- 阴影向左:主要应用与右边导航栏、抽屉组件或固定表格栏
- 阴影向右:主要应用与左边导航栏、抽屉组件或固定表格栏
阴影是模拟的真实世界的反馈Ant Design 为了更符合真实阴影,在 4.0 中采用了三层阴影的表达方式,让阴影更柔和,更符合真实状态
<div>
<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*1oijTJh2HEIAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="阴影值">
</div>
### 常用阴影设计表
**第一层:**
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>阴影类型</th>
<th>阴影颜色rgba</th>
<th>方向X, Y</th>
<th>模糊度Blur</th>
<th>扩展值Spread</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-1-up</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16)</td>
<td>0px, -1px</td>
<td>2px</td>
<td>-2px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)</td>
<td>0px, -3px</td>
<td>6px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.09)</td>
<td>0px, -5px</td>
<td>12px</td>
<td>4px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-1-down</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16)</td>
<td>0px, 1px</td>
<td>2px</td>
<td>-2px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)</td>
<td>0px, 3px</td>
<td>6px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.09)</td>
<td>0px, 5px</td>
<td>12px</td>
<td>4px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-1-left</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16)</td>
<td>-1px, 0px</td>
<td>2px</td>
<td>-2px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)</td>
<td>-3px, 0px</td>
<td>6px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.09)</td>
<td>-5px, 0px</td>
<td>12px</td>
<td>4px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-1-right</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16)</td>
<td>1px, 0px</td>
<td>2px</td>
<td>-2px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)</td>
<td>3px, 0px</td>
<td>6px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.09)</td>
<td>5px, 0px</td>
<td>12px</td>
<td>4px</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
**第二层:**
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>阴影类型</th>
<th>阴影颜色rgba</th>
<th>方向X, Y</th>
<th>模糊度Blur</th>
<th>扩展值Spread</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-2-up</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)</td>
<td>0px, -3px</td>
<td>6px</td>
<td>-4px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)</td>
<td>0px, -6px</td>
<td>16px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)</td>
<td>0px, -9px</td>
<td>28px</td>
<td>8px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-2-down</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)</td>
<td>0px, 3px</td>
<td>6px</td>
<td>-4px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)</td>
<td>0px, 6px</td>
<td>16px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)</td>
<td>0px, 9px</td>
<td>28px</td>
<td>8px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-2-left</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)</td>
<td>-3px, 0px</td>
<td>6px</td>
<td>-4px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)</td>
<td>-6px, 0px</td>
<td>16px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)</td>
<td>-9px, 0px</td>
<td>28px</td>
<td>8px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-2-right</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)</td>
<td>3px, 0px</td>
<td>6px</td>
<td>-4px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)</td>
<td>6px, 0px</td>
<td>16px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)</td>
<td>9px, 0px</td>
<td>28px</td>
<td>8px</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
**第三层:**
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>阴影类型</th>
<th>阴影颜色rgba</th>
<th>方向X, Y</th>
<th>模糊度Blur</th>
<th>扩展值Spread</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-3-up</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)</td>
<td>0px, -6px</td>
<td>16px</td>
<td>-8px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)</td>
<td>0px, -9px</td>
<td>28px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03)</td>
<td>0px, -12px</td>
<td>48px</td>
<td>16px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-3-down</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)</td>
<td>0px, 6px</td>
<td>16px</td>
<td>-8px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)</td>
<td>0px, 9px</td>
<td>28px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03)</td>
<td>0px, 12px</td>
<td>48px</td>
<td>16px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-3-left</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)</td>
<td>-6px, 0px</td>
<td>16px</td>
<td>-8px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)</td>
<td>-9px, 0px</td>
<td>28px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03)</td>
<td>-12px, 0px</td>
<td>48px</td>
<td>16px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowSpan="3">@shadow-3-right</td>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)</td>
<td>6px, 0px</td>
<td>16px</td>
<td>-8px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)</td>
<td>9px, 0px</td>
<td>28px</td>
<td>0px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03)</td>
<td>12px, 0px</td>
<td>48px</td>
<td>16px</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>