2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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# 自然运动
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-05 15:43:07 +08:00
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- category: 动画
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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- order: 0
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2015-07-05 15:43:07 +08:00
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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---
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现实物体照着一定节奏移动,并不是一开始就移动很快的。
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当我们打开现代家具的门或抽屉时,首先会让它加速,然后慢下来。
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当电梯开关门时,它在打开或关闭时都有一段缓冲带,是先加速,然后慢下来。
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当某个东西往下掉时,首先是越掉越快,撞到地上后回弹,最终才又碰触地板。
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### 质量和重量
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在物理世界里,是以力量附加到物体对象里,加上自身的质量才完成一段动画。力量的持续时间决定物体的加速,减速与改变方向。
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动画停止与启动都不是瞬间完成的,因它需要一段缓冲的时间来加速或减速,因此,当动画有突然启动,停止或改变方向,都会显得很不自然。
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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> 以下图形,红色线与圆环为不推荐示例,蓝色为推荐示例。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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#### 自然缓动
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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不要用直线缓动Linear做物体位移或出入动画的缓动;注:Linear函数可做循环动画函数。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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如下图所示,在没有缓动的情况下启动与停止都显得突兀,感觉动画还没结束就停止了,所以在物体运动中避免直线运动。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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<script src="/static/TweenMax.min.js"></script>
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<script src="/static/motion.js"></script>
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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<div id="J-Linear"></div>
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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<script>
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$(function (){
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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new Motion("#J-Linear",{lineData:[{stroke:"#f2666c"},{stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeInOutQuad",endEaseName:"easeInOutQuad"},],mask:false});
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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})
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</script>
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `Linear`,蓝 `ease-in-out`。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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#### 出入动画
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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不要做单向动画,进场后不做出场,直接消失元素或回到原点,会造成整体效果不协调和用户视觉上的闪现或其它不好的效果。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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所以有动画的进场必须要有动画的出场,包括导航上的动画。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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<div id="J-Symmetric"></div>
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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<script>
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$(function (){
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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new Motion("#J-Symmetric",{lineData:[
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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{openEaseName:"easeInOutQuad",endEaseName:"null",stroke:"#f2666c"},
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{stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeInOutCubic",endEaseName:"easeInOutCubic"}],
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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mask:false,exposure:"top"});
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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})
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</script>
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `ease-in-out`,蓝 `ease-in-out-cubic`。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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##### 场外出入
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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场外出入需要考虑力量与引力的关系,如向空中抛物体时,开始时力量大于引力时,速度是最快的,
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到达一定高度后,随着力量的减少,速度也跟随着降低,物体达到最高点后,力量等于引力或小于引力时,物体随之下降;
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所以在快到达最高点和掉下来时有一定缓冲带;不要做图示红色球体下降时的缓动;
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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<div id="J-Entry"></div>
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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<script>
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$(function (){
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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new Motion("#J-Entry",{lineData:[
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{openEaseName:"easeOutQuad",endEaseName:"easeOutQuad",stroke:"#f2666c"},
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{stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeOutCubic",endEaseName:"easeInCubic"}],
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mask:true,exposure:"bottom"});
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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})
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</script>
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `ease-out` `ease-out`,蓝 `ease-out-cubic` `ease-in-cubic`。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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示例组件:[Message 全局提示](/components/message/),[Dropdown 下拉菜单](/components/dropdown/)。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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#### 弹性动画
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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1. 如蹦极跳下来时,刚跳下时速度很快,到达绳子的长度后,由于物体的重量再将绳子拉长再反弹,弹动几次后才停下。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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动画里也由质量来决定它的反弹,一般元素最好只弹动一次就够了,收回时可以用向下浮动再上拉或直接前缓动,可适用在下拉框与弹出元素。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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2. 如球类物体掉地上的后,反弹几次后停止。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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- 弹性动画最好结合alpha。
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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> 慎用Bounce或Elastic,这两种适用在特殊元素下,一般back即可满足页面上元素的弹动;
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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<div id="J-Back"></div>
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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<script>
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$(function (){
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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new Motion("#J-Back",{lineData:[
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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{openEaseName:"easeOutBounce",endEaseName:"easeOutElastic",stroke:"#70f266"},
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{stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeOutBack",endEaseName:"easeInOutBack"}],
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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mask:false,exposure:"top"});
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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})
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</script>
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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上图所示缓动函数:绿 `easeOutBounce` `easeOutElastic`(css需自配), 蓝 `ease-out-back` `ease-in-back`。
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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## 缓动函数
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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Ant Design 提供了一套缓动函数规范动画行为供组件使用。
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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2015-07-31 13:56:33 +08:00
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|名称 |参数 |说明 |
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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|-------------------|------------------------------------------|---------------------------|
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|@ease-out | `cubic-bezier(0.215,0.61,0.355,1);` |默认后缓动; |
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|@ease-in | `cubic-bezier(0.55,0.055,0.675,0.19);`|默认前缓动; |
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|@ease-in-out | `cubic-bezier(0.645,0.045,0.355,1);` |默认前后缓动; |
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|@ease-out-back | `cubic-bezier(0.18,0.89,0.32,1.28);` |结束回动; |
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|@ease-in-back | `cubic-bezier(0.6,-0.3,0.74,0.05);` |开始回动; |
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2015-07-29 18:09:29 +08:00
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|@ease-in-out-back | `cubic-bezier(0.68,-0.55,0.27,1.55);` |前后回动; |
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|@ease-out-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.08,0.82,0.17,1);` |圆形后缓动; |
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|@ease-in-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.6,0.04,0.98,0.34);` |圆形前缓动; |
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|@ease-in-out-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.78,0.14,0.15,0.86);` |圆形前后缓动; |
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