ant-design/components/upload/index.zh-CN.md

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---
category: Components
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subtitle: 上传
type: 数据录入
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title: Upload
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---
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文件选择上传和拖拽上传控件。
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## 何时使用
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上传是将信息(网页、文字、图片、视频等)通过网页或者上传工具发布到远程服务器上的过程。
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- 当需要上传一个或一些文件时。
- 当需要展现上传的进度时。
- 当需要使用拖拽交互时。
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## API
meger feature to master (#16421) * use ul in list * update snapshot * update comment * feat: TreeSelect support `showSearch` in multiple mode (#15933) * update rc-tree-select * typo * update desc & snapshot * update desc & snapshot * check default showSearch * feat: table customizing variable (#15971) * feat: added table selected row color variable * fix: @table-selected-row-color default is inherit * feat: Upload support customize previewFile (#15984) * support preview file * use promise * dealy load * use canvas of render * use domHook of test * update demo * add snapshot * update types * update testcase * feat: form customizing variables (#15954) * fix: added styling form input background-color * feat: added '@form-warning-input-bg' variable * feat: added '@form-error-input-bg' variable * use li wrap with comment * feat: Support append theme less file with less-variable (#16118) * add override * add override support * update doc * feat: dropdown support set right icon * docs: update doc of dropdown component * style: format dropdown-button.md * test: update updateSnapshot * style: format dropdown-button.md * test: update updateSnapshot * test: update updateSnapshot * style: change style of dropdown-button demo * fix: fix document table order * feat: Support SkeletonAvatarProps.size accept number (#16078) (#16128) * chore:update style of demo * feat: Notification functions accept top, bottom and getContainer as arguments * drawer: add afterVisibleChange * rm onVisibleChange * update * feat: 🇭🇷 hr_HR locale (#16258) * Added Croatian locale * fixed lint error * :white_check_mark: Add test cases for hr_HR * :memo: update i18n documentation * feat: add `htmlFor` in Form.Item (#16278) * add htmlFor in Form.Item * update doc * feat: Button support `link` type (#16289) close #15892 * feat: Add Timeline.Item.position (#16148) (#16193) * fix: Timeline.pendingDot interface documentation there is a small problem (#16177) * feat: Add Timeline.Item.position (#16148) * doc: add version infomation for Timeline.Item.position * refactor: Update Tree & TreeSelect deps (#16330) * use CSSMotion * update snapshot * feat: Collapse support `expandIconPosition` (#16365) * update doc * support expandIconPosition * update snapshot * feat: Breadcrumb support DropDown (#16315) * breadcrumbs support drop down menu * update doc * add require less * fix test * fix md doc * less code * fix style warning * update snap * add children render test * feat: TreeNode support checkable * feat: add optional to support top and left slick dots (#16186) (#16225) * add optional to support top and left slick dots * update carousel snapshot * Update doc, add placement demo * update carousel placement demo snapshots * rename dots placement to position * update vertical as deprecated * rename dotsPosition to dotPosition * refine code * add warning testcase for vertical * remove unused warning * update expression * Additional test case for dotPosition * refactor: Upgrade `rc-tree-select` to support pure React motion (#16402) * upgrade `rc-tree-select` * update snapshot * 3.17.0 changelog * fix warning * fix review warning
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| 参数 | 说明 | 类型 | 默认值 | 版本 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| accept | 接受上传的文件类型, 详见 [input accept Attribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file#accept) | string | 无 | |
| action | 上传的地址 | string\|(file) => `Promise` | 无 | |
| directory | 支持上传文件夹([caniuse](https://caniuse.com/#feat=input-file-directory) | boolean | false | 3.7.0 |
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| beforeUpload | 上传文件之前的钩子,参数为上传的文件,若返回 `false` 则停止上传。支持返回一个 Promise 对象Promise 对象 reject 时则停止上传resolve 时开始上传( resolve 传入 `File``Blob` 对象则上传 resolve 传入对象)。**注意IE9 不支持该方法**。 | (file, fileList) => `boolean | Promise` | 无 | |
| customRequest | 通过覆盖默认的上传行为,可以自定义自己的上传实现 | Function | 无 | |
| data | 上传所需额外参数或返回上传额外参数的方法 | object\|(file) => object | 无 | |
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| defaultFileList | 默认已经上传的文件列表 | object\[] | 无 | |
| disabled | 是否禁用 | boolean | false | |
| fileList | 已经上传的文件列表(受控),使用此参数时,如果遇到 `onChange` 只调用一次的问题,请参考 [#2423](https://github.com/ant-design/ant-design/issues/2423) | object\[] | 无 | |
| headers | 设置上传的请求头部IE10 以上有效 | object | 无 | |
| listType | 上传列表的内建样式,支持三种基本样式 `text`, `picture``picture-card` | string | 'text' | |
| multiple | 是否支持多选文件,`ie10+` 支持。开启后按住 ctrl 可选择多个文件 | boolean | false | |
| name | 发到后台的文件参数名 | string | 'file' | |
meger feature to master (#16421) * use ul in list * update snapshot * update comment * feat: TreeSelect support `showSearch` in multiple mode (#15933) * update rc-tree-select * typo * update desc & snapshot * update desc & snapshot * check default showSearch * feat: table customizing variable (#15971) * feat: added table selected row color variable * fix: @table-selected-row-color default is inherit * feat: Upload support customize previewFile (#15984) * support preview file * use promise * dealy load * use canvas of render * use domHook of test * update demo * add snapshot * update types * update testcase * feat: form customizing variables (#15954) * fix: added styling form input background-color * feat: added '@form-warning-input-bg' variable * feat: added '@form-error-input-bg' variable * use li wrap with comment * feat: Support append theme less file with less-variable (#16118) * add override * add override support * update doc * feat: dropdown support set right icon * docs: update doc of dropdown component * style: format dropdown-button.md * test: update updateSnapshot * style: format dropdown-button.md * test: update updateSnapshot * test: update updateSnapshot * style: change style of dropdown-button demo * fix: fix document table order * feat: Support SkeletonAvatarProps.size accept number (#16078) (#16128) * chore:update style of demo * feat: Notification functions accept top, bottom and getContainer as arguments * drawer: add afterVisibleChange * rm onVisibleChange * update * feat: 🇭🇷 hr_HR locale (#16258) * Added Croatian locale * fixed lint error * :white_check_mark: Add test cases for hr_HR * :memo: update i18n documentation * feat: add `htmlFor` in Form.Item (#16278) * add htmlFor in Form.Item * update doc * feat: Button support `link` type (#16289) close #15892 * feat: Add Timeline.Item.position (#16148) (#16193) * fix: Timeline.pendingDot interface documentation there is a small problem (#16177) * feat: Add Timeline.Item.position (#16148) * doc: add version infomation for Timeline.Item.position * refactor: Update Tree & TreeSelect deps (#16330) * use CSSMotion * update snapshot * feat: Collapse support `expandIconPosition` (#16365) * update doc * support expandIconPosition * update snapshot * feat: Breadcrumb support DropDown (#16315) * breadcrumbs support drop down menu * update doc * add require less * fix test * fix md doc * less code * fix style warning * update snap * add children render test * feat: TreeNode support checkable * feat: add optional to support top and left slick dots (#16186) (#16225) * add optional to support top and left slick dots * update carousel snapshot * Update doc, add placement demo * update carousel placement demo snapshots * rename dots placement to position * update vertical as deprecated * rename dotsPosition to dotPosition * refine code * add warning testcase for vertical * remove unused warning * update expression * Additional test case for dotPosition * refactor: Upgrade `rc-tree-select` to support pure React motion (#16402) * upgrade `rc-tree-select` * update snapshot * 3.17.0 changelog * fix warning * fix review warning
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| previewFile | 自定义文件预览逻辑 | (file: File \| Blob) => Promise<dataURL: string> | 无 | 3.17.0 |
| showUploadList | 是否展示文件列表, 可设为一个对象,用于单独设定 `showPreviewIcon`, `showRemoveIcon``showDownloadIcon` | Boolean or { showPreviewIcon?: boolean, showRemoveIcon?: boolean, showDownloadIcon?: boolean } | true | |
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| supportServerRender | 服务端渲染时需要打开这个 | boolean | false | |
| withCredentials | 上传请求时是否携带 cookie | boolean | false | |
| openFileDialogOnClick | 点击打开文件对话框 | boolean | true | 3.10.0 |
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| onChange | 上传文件改变时的状态,详见 [onChange](#onChange) | Function | 无 | |
| onPreview | 点击文件链接或预览图标时的回调 | Function(file) | 无 | |
| onRemove   | 点击移除文件时的回调,返回值为 false 时不移除。支持返回一个 Promise 对象Promise 对象 resolve(false) 或 reject 时不移除。               | Function(file): `boolean | Promise` | 无   | |
| onDownload | 点击下载文件时的回调,如果没有指定,则默认跳转到文件 url 对应的标签页。 | Function(file): void | 跳转新标签页 | |
| transformFile   | 在上传之前转换文件。支持返回一个 Promise 对象   | Function(file): `string | Blob | File | Promise<string | Blob | File>` | 无   | 3.21.0 |
### onChange
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> 上传中、完成、失败都会调用这个函数。
文件状态改变的回调,返回为:
```js
{
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file: { /* ... */ },
fileList: [ /* ... */ ],
event: { /* ... */ },
}
```
1. `file` 当前操作的文件对象。
```js
{
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uid: 'uid', // 文件唯一标识,建议设置为负数,防止和内部产生的 id 冲突
name: 'xx.png' // 文件名
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status: 'done', // 状态有uploading done error removed
response: '{"status": "success"}', // 服务端响应内容
linkProps: '{"download": "image"}', // 下载链接额外的 HTML 属性
}
```
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2. `fileList` 当前的文件列表。
3. `event` 上传中的服务端响应内容,包含了上传进度等信息,高级浏览器支持。
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## FAQ
### 服务端如何实现?
- 服务端上传接口实现可以参考 [jQuery-File-Upload](https://github.com/blueimp/jQuery-File-Upload/wiki#server-side)。
- 如果要做本地 mock 可以参考这个 [express 的例子](https://github.com/react-component/upload/blob/master/server.js)。
### 如何显示下载链接?
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请使用 fileList 属性设置数组项的 url 属性进行展示控制。
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### `customRequest` 怎么使用?
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请参考 <https://github.com/react-component/upload#customrequest>
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### IE8/9 问题
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请参考 <https://github.com/react-component/upload#ie89-note>