2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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# 缓动函数
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-05 15:43:07 +08:00
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- category: 动画
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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- order: 1
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2015-07-05 15:43:07 +08:00
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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---
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现实物体照着一定节奏移动,并不是一开始就移动很快的。
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当我们打开现代家具的门或抽屉时,首先会让它加速,然后慢下来。
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当电梯开关门时,它在打开或关闭时都有一段缓冲带,是先加速,然后慢下来。
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当某个东西往下掉时,首先是越掉越快,撞到地上后回弹,最终才又碰触地板。
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### 质量和重量
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在物理世界里,是以力量附加到物体对象里,加上自身的质量才完成一段动画。力量的持续时间决定物体的加速,减速与改变方向。
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动画停止与启动都不是瞬间完成的,因它需要一段缓冲的时间来加速或减速,因此,当动画有突然启动,停止或改变方向,都会显得很不自然。
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#### 自然缓动
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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不要用直线缓动Linear做物体出入动画的缓动;注:Linear函数可做循环动画函数。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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如下图所示,在没有缓动的情况下启动与停止都显得突兀,感觉动画还没结束就停止了,所以在物体运动中避免直线运动。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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<script src="/static/TweenMax.min.js"></script>
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<script src="/static/motion.js"></script>
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<div id="J-Linear">
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</div>
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<script>
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$(function (){
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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new Motion("#J-Linear",{lineData:[{open:[],end:[],stroke:"#f2666c"},{open:[0.455, 0.03, 0.515, 0.955],end:[0.455, 0.03, 0.515, 0.955],stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeInOutQuad",endEaseName:"easeInOutQuad"},],mask:false});
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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})
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</script>
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `Linear`,蓝 `easeInOutQuad`。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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#### 出入动画
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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不要做单向动画,进场后不做出场,直接消失元素或回到原点,会让整个画面不协调,反相只出不进也一样。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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所以有动画的进场必须要有动画的出场,包括导航上的动画。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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<div id="J-Symmetric">
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</div>
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<script>
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$(function (){
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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new Motion("#J-Symmetric",{lineData:[
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{open:[0.455, 0.03, 0.515, 0.955],end:[],openEaseName:"easeInOutQuad",endEaseName:"null",stroke:"#f2666c"},
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{open:[0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1],end:[0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1],stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeInOutCubic",endEaseName:"easeInOutCubic"}],
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mask:false,exposure:"top"});
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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})
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</script>
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `easeInOutQuad`,蓝 `easeInOutCubic`。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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##### 场外出入
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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场外出入需要考虑力量与引力的关系,如向空中抛物体时,开始时力量大于引力时,速度是最快的,
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到达一定高度后,随着力量的减少,速度也跟随着降低,物体达到最高点后,力量等于引力或小于引力时,物体随之下降;
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所以在快到达最高点和掉下来时有一定缓冲带;不要做图示红色球体下降时的缓动;
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<div id="J-Entry">
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</div>
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<script>
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$(function (){
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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new Motion("#J-Entry",{lineData:[
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{open:[0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94],end:[0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94],openEaseName:"easeOutQuad",endEaseName:"easeOutQuad",stroke:"#f2666c"},
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{open:[0.215, 0.61, 0.355, 1],end:[0.55, 0.055, 0.675, 0.19],stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeOutCubic",endEaseName:"easeInCubic"}],
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mask:true,exposure:"bottom"});
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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})
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</script>
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `easeOutQuad` `easeOutQuad`,蓝 `easeOutCubic` `easeInCubic`。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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示例组件:[Message 全局提示](/components/message/),[Dropdown 下拉菜单](/components/dropdown/)。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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#### 弹性动画
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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1. 如蹦极跳下来时,刚跳下时速度很快,到达绳子的长度后,由于物体的重量再将绳子拉长再反弹,弹动几次后才停下。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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动画里也由质量来决定它的反弹,一般元素最好只弹动一次就够了,收回时可以用向下浮动再上拉或直接前缓动,可适用在下拉框与弹出元素。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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2. 如球类物体掉地上的后,反弹几次后停止。
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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- 曲线图用的是3次贝塞尔曲线,没法表示Bounce,所以用line替换。
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- 弹性动画最好结合alpha。
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<div id="J-Back"></div>
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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<script>
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$(function (){
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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new Motion("#J-Back",{lineData:[
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{open:[],end:[0.455, 0.03, 0.515, 0.955],openEaseName:"easeOutBounce",endEaseName:"easeInOutQuad",stroke:"#70f266"},
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{open:[0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275],end:[0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045],stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeOutBack",endEaseName:"easeInBack"}],
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mask:false,exposure:"top"});
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2015-07-02 13:57:26 +08:00
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})
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</script>
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `easeOutBounce` `easeInOutQuad`,蓝 `easeOutBack` `easeInBack`。
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2015-07-29 17:23:11 +08:00
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## 缓动函数
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Ant Design 提供了一套缓动函数规范动画行为。
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|名称 |参数 |说明与适用 |
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|-------------------|------------------------------------------|---------------------------|
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2015-07-29 17:35:24 +08:00
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|@ease-out | `cubic-bezier(0.215, 0.61, 0.355, 1);` |默认后缓动;适合元素展开时; |
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|@ease-in | `cubic-bezier(0.55, 0.055, 0.675, 0.19);`|默认前缓动;适合元素关闭时; |
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|@ease-in-out | `cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);` |默认前后缓动;适合元素移动; |
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|@ease-out-back | `cubic-bezier(0.18, 0.89, 0.32, 1.28);` |结束回动;适合弹出框出现时; |
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|@ease-in-back | `cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.3, 0.74, 0.05);` |开始回动;适合弹出框关闭; |
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|@ease-in-out-back | `cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.55, 0.27, 1.55);` |前后回动; |
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|@ease-out-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.82, 0.17, 1);` |圆形后缓动;适合元素展开时; |
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|@ease-in-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.6, 0.04, 0.98, 0.34);` |圆形前缓动;适合元素关闭时; |
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|@ease-in-out-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.78, 0.14, 0.15, 0.86);` |圆形缓动;适合元素移动; |
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