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272 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
272 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
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---
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order: 3
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title: 项目实战
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---
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[dva](https://github.com/dvajs/dva) 是一个基于 react 和 redux 的轻量应用框架，概念来自 elm，支持 side effects、热替换、动态加载、react-native、SSR 等，已在生产环境广泛应用。
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本文会引导你使用 dva 和 antd 从 0 开始创建一个简单应用。
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会包含以下内容：
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---
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## 安装 dva
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通过 npm 安装 dva 。
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```bash
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$ npm install dva-cli -g
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```
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## 创建新应用
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安装完 dva-cli 之后，就可以在 terminal 里访问到 `dva` 命令。现在，你可以通过 `dva new` 创建新应用。
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```bash
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$ dva new dva-quickstart
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```
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这会创建 `dva-quickstart` 目录，包含项目初始化目录和文件，并提供开发服务器、构建脚本、数据 mock 服务、代理服务器等功能。
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然后我们 `cd` 进入 `dva-quickstart` 目录，并启动开发服务器：
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```bash
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$ cd dva-quickstart
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$ npm start
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```
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几秒钟后，你会看到以下输出：
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```bash
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proxy: load rule from proxy.config.js
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proxy: listened on 8989
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📦 411/411 build modules
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webpack: bundle build is now finished.
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```
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在浏览器里打开 http://localhost:8989 ，你会看到 dva 的欢迎界面。
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## 使用 antd
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通过 npm 安装 `antd` 和 `babel-plugin-antd` 。`babel-plugin-antd` 是用来自动引入 antd 的脚本和样式的，详见 [repo](https://github.com/ant-design/babel-plugin-antd) 。
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```bash
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$ npm install antd babel-plugin-antd --save
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```
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编辑 `webpack.config.js`，使 `babel-plugin-antd` 插件生效。
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```diff
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+ webpackConfig.babel.plugins.push(['antd', {
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+ style: 'css'
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+ }]);
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```
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> 注：这里不需要手动重启开发服务器，保存 `webpack.config.js` 后会自动重启。
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## 定义路由
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我们要写个应用来先显示产品列表。首先第一步是创建路由，路由可以想象成是组成应用的不同页面。
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新建 route component `routes/Products.js`，内容如下：
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```javascript
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import React from 'react';
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const Products = (props) => {
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return (
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<h2>List of Products</h2>
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);
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};
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exports default Products;
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```
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添加路由信息到路由表，编辑 `router.js` :
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```diff
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+ import Products from './routes/Products';
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...
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+ <Route path="/products" component={Products} />
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```
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然后在浏览器里打开 http://localhost:8989/#/products ，你应该能看到前面定义的 `<h2>` 标签。
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## 编写 UI Component
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随着应用的发展，你会需要在多个页面分享 UI 元素 (或在一个页面使用多次)，在 dva 里你可以把这部分抽成 component 。
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我们来编写一个 `ProductList` component，这样就能在不同的地方显示产品列表了。
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新建 `components/ProductList.js` 文件：
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```javascript
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import React, { PropTypes } from 'react';
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import { Table, Popconfirm, Button } from 'antd';
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const ProductList = ({ onDelete, products }) => {
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const columns = [
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{
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title: 'Name',
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dataIndex: 'name',
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},
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{
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title: 'Actions',
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render(text, record) {
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return (
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<Popconfirm title="Delete?" onConfirm={onDelete.bind(this, record.id)}>
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<Button>删除</Button>
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</Popconfirm>
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);
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},
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},
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];
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return (
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<Table
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dataSource={products}
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columns={columns}
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/>
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);
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};
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ProductList.proptypes = {
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onDelete: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
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products: PropTypes.array.isRequired,
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};
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export default ProductList;
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```
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## 定义 Model
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完成 UI 后，现在开始处理数据和逻辑。
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dva 通过 model 的概念把一个领域的模型管理起来，包含同步更新 state 的 reducers，处理异步逻辑的 effects，订阅数据源的 subscriptions 。
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新建 model `models/products.js` ：
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```javascript
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import dva from 'dva';
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export default {
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namespace: 'products',
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state: [],
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reducers: {
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'delete'(state, { payload: id }) {
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return state.filter(item => item.id !== id);
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},
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},
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};
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```
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这个 model 里：
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- `namespace` 表示在全局 state 上的 key
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- `state` 是初始值，在这里是空数组
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- `reducers` 等同于 redux 里的 reducer，接收 action，同步更新 state
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然后别忘记在 `index.js` 里载入他：
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```diff
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// 3. Model
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+ app.model(require('./models/products'));
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```
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## connect 起来
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到这里，我们已经单独完成了 model 和 component，那么他们如何串联起来呢?
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dva 提供了 connect 方法。如果你熟悉 redux，这个 connect 就是 react-redux 的 connect 。
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编辑 `routes/Products.js`，替换为以下内容：
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```javascript
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import React from 'react';
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import { connect } from 'dva';
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import ProductList from '../components/ProductList';
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const Products = (props) => {
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function handleDelete(id) {
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props.dispatch({
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type: 'products/delete',
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payload: id,
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});
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}
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return (
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<div>
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<h2>List of Products</h2>
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<ProductList onDelete={handleDelete} products={props.products} />
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</div>
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);
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};
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// export default Products;
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export default connect(({ products }) => ({
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products
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}))(Products);
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```
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最后，我们还需要一些初始数据让这个应用 run 起来。编辑 `index.js`：
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```diff
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- const app = dva();
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+ const app = dva({
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+ initialState: {
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+ products: [
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+ { name: 'dva', id: 1 },
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+ { name: 'antd', id: 2 },
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+ ],
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+ },
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+ });
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```
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刷新浏览器，应该能看到以下效果：
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://zos.alipayobjects.com/rmsportal/GQJeDDeUCSTRMMg.gif" />
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</p>
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## 构建应用
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完成开发并且在开发环境验证之后，就需要部署给我们的用户了。先执行下面的命令：
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```bash
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$ npm run build
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```
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几秒后，输出应该如下：
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```bash
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Child
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Time: 14008ms
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Asset Size Chunks Chunk Names
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index.html 255 bytes [emitted]
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common.js 1.18 kB 0 [emitted] common
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index.js 504 kB 1, 0 [emitted] index
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index.css 127 kB 1, 0 [emitted] index
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```
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`build` 命令会打包所有的资源，包含 JavaScript, CSS, web fonts, images, html 等。然后你可以在 `dist/` 目录下找到这些文件。
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## 下一步
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我们已经完成了一个简单应用，你可能还有很多疑问，比如：
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- 如何处理异步请求
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- 如何优雅地加载初始数据
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- 如何统一处理出错，以及特定操作的出错
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- 如何动态加载路由和 Model，以加速页面载入速度
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- 如何实现 hmr
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- 如何 mock 数据
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- 等等
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你可以：
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- 访问 [dva 官网](https://github.com/dvajs/dva)
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- 查看所有 [API](https://github.com/dvajs/dva#api)
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- [教程](https://github.com/dvajs/dva-docs/blob/master/v1/zh-cn/tutorial/01-%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81.md)，一步步完成一个中型应用
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- 看看 [dva 版 hackernews](https://github.com/dvajs/dva-hackernews) 是[如何实现](https://github.com/sorrycc/blog/issues/9)的
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