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334 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
334 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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group:
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title: 进阶使用
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order: 2
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title: 服务端渲染
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tag: New
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---
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服务端渲染样式有两种方案，它们各有优缺点：
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- **内联样式**：在渲染时无需额外请求样式文件，好处是减少额外的网络请求，缺点则是会使得 HTML 体积增大，影响首屏渲染速度，相关讨论参考：[#39891](https://github.com/ant-design/ant-design/issues/39891)
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- **整体导出**：提前烘焙 antd 组件样式为 css 文件，在页面中时引入。好处是打开任意页面时如传统 css 方案一样都会复用同一套 css 文件以命中缓存，缺点是如果页面中存在多主题，则需要额外进行烘焙
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## 内联样式
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使用 `@ant-design/cssinjs` 将所需样式抽离：
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```tsx
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import { createCache, extractStyle, StyleProvider } from '@ant-design/cssinjs';
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import { renderToString } from 'react-dom/server';
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export default () => {
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// SSR Render
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const cache = createCache();
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const html = renderToString(
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<StyleProvider cache={cache}>
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<MyApp />
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</StyleProvider>,
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);
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// Grab style from cache
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const styleText = extractStyle(cache);
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// Mix with style
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return `
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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${styleText}
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="root">${html}</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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`;
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};
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```
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## 整体导出
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如果你想要将样式文件抽离到 css 文件中，可以尝试使用以下方案：
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1. 安装依赖
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```bash
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npm install ts-node tslib cross-env --save-dev
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```
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2. 新增 `tsconfig.node.json` 文件
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```json
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{
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"compilerOptions": {
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"strictNullChecks": true,
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"module": "NodeNext",
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"jsx": "react",
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"esModuleInterop": true
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},
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"include": ["next-env.d.ts", "**/*.ts", "**/*.tsx"]
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}
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```
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3. 新增 `scripts/genAntdCss.tsx` 文件
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```tsx
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// scripts/genAntdCss.tsx
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import fs from 'fs';
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import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/static-style-extract';
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const outputPath = './public/antd.min.css';
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const css = extractStyle();
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fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, css);
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```
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若你想使用混合主题或自定义主题，可采用以下脚本：
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```tsx
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import fs from 'fs';
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import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/static-style-extract';
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import React from 'react';
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import { ConfigProvider } from 'antd';
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const outputPath = './public/antd.min.css';
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const testGreenColor = '#008000';
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const testRedColor = '#ff0000';
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const css = extractStyle((node) => (
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<>
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<ConfigProvider
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theme={{
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token: {
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colorBgBase: testGreenColor,
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},
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}}
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>
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{node}
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</ConfigProvider>
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<ConfigProvider
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theme={{
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token: {
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colorPrimary: testGreenColor,
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},
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}}
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>
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<ConfigProvider
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theme={{
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token: {
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colorBgBase: testRedColor,
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},
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}}
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>
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{node}
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</ConfigProvider>
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</ConfigProvider>
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</>
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));
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fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, css);
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```
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你可以选择在启动开发命令或编译前执行这个脚本，运行上述脚本将会在当前项目的指定（如： public 目录）目录下直接生成一个全量的 antd.min.css 文件。
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以 Next.js 为例（[参考示例](https://github.com/ant-design/ant-design-examples/tree/main/examples/with-nextjs-inline-style)）：
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```json
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// package.json
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{
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"scripts": {
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"dev": "next dev",
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"build": "next build",
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"start": "next start",
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"lint": "next lint",
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"predev": "ts-node --project ./tsconfig.node.json ./scripts/genAntdCss.tsx",
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"prebuild": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production ts-node --project ./tsconfig.node.json ./scripts/genAntdCss.tsx"
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}
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}
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```
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然后，你只需要在`pages/_app.tsx`文件中引入这个文件即可：
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```tsx
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import { StyleProvider } from '@ant-design/cssinjs';
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import type { AppProps } from 'next/app';
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import '../public/antd.min.css'; // 添加这行
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import '../styles/globals.css';
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export default function App({ Component, pageProps }: AppProps) {
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return (
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<StyleProvider hashPriority="high">
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<Component {...pageProps} />
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</StyleProvider>
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);
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}
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```
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### 自定义主题
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如果你的项目中使用了自定义主题，可以尝试通过以下方式进行烘焙：
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```tsx
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import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/static-style-extract';
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import { ConfigProvider } from 'antd';
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const cssText = extractStyle((node) => (
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<ConfigProvider
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theme={{
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token: {
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colorPrimary: 'red',
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},
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}}
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>
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{node}
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</ConfigProvider>
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));
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```
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### 混合主题
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如果你的项目中使用了混合主题，可以尝试通过以下方式进行烘焙：
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```tsx
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import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/static-style-extract';
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import { ConfigProvider } from 'antd';
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const cssText = extractStyle((node) => (
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<>
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<ConfigProvider
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theme={{
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token: {
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colorBgBase: 'green ',
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},
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}}
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>
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{node}
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</ConfigProvider>
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<ConfigProvider
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theme={{
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token: {
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colorPrimary: 'blue',
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},
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}}
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>
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<ConfigProvider
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theme={{
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token: {
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colorBgBase: 'red ',
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},
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}}
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>
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{node}
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</ConfigProvider>
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</ConfigProvider>
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</>
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));
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```
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更多`static-style-extract`的实现细节请看：[static-style-extract](https://github.com/ant-design/static-style-extract)。
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## 按需抽取
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```tsx
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// scripts/genAntdCss.tsx
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import { createHash } from 'crypto';
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import fs from 'fs';
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import path from 'path';
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import type Entity from '@ant-design/cssinjs/lib/Cache';
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import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/cssinjs';
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export type DoExtraStyleOptions = {
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cache: Entity;
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dir?: string;
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baseFileName?: string;
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};
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export function doExtraStyle({
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cache,
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dir = 'antd-output',
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baseFileName = 'antd.min',
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}: DoExtraStyleOptions) {
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const baseDir = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../static/css');
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const outputCssPath = path.join(baseDir, dir);
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if (!fs.existsSync(outputCssPath)) {
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fs.mkdirSync(outputCssPath, { recursive: true });
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}
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const css = extractStyle(cache, true);
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if (!css) return '';
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const md5 = createHash('md5');
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const hash = md5.update(css).digest('hex');
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const fileName = `${baseFileName}.${hash.substring(0, 8)}.css`;
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const fullpath = path.join(outputCssPath, fileName);
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const res = `_next/static/css/${dir}/${fileName}`;
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if (fs.existsSync(fullpath)) return res;
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fs.writeFileSync(fullpath, css);
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return res;
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}
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```
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在 `_document.tsx` 中使用上述工具进行按需导出：
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```tsx
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// _document.tsx
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import { StyleProvider, createCache } from '@ant-design/cssinjs';
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import type { DocumentContext } from 'next/document';
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import Document, { Head, Html, Main, NextScript } from 'next/document';
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import { doExtraStyle } from '../scripts/genAntdCss';
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export default class MyDocument extends Document {
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static async getInitialProps(ctx: DocumentContext) {
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const cache = createCache();
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let fileName = '';
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const originalRenderPage = ctx.renderPage;
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ctx.renderPage = () =>
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originalRenderPage({
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enhanceApp: (App) => (props) => (
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<StyleProvider cache={cache}>
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<App {...props} />
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</StyleProvider>
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),
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});
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const initialProps = await Document.getInitialProps(ctx);
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// 1.1 extract style which had been used
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fileName = doExtraStyle({
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cache,
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});
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return {
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...initialProps,
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styles: (
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<>
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{initialProps.styles}
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{/* 1.2 inject css */}
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{fileName && <link rel="stylesheet" href={`/${fileName}`} />}
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</>
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),
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};
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<Html lang="en">
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<Head />
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<body>
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<Main />
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<NextScript />
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</body>
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</Html>
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);
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}
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}
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```
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演示示例请看：[按需抽取样式示例](https://github.com/ant-design/ant-design-examples/tree/main/examples/with-nextjs-generate-css-on-demand)
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