2021-02-26 21:40:08 +08:00
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---
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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title: TLS 双向认证
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2021-02-26 21:40:08 +08:00
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---
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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<!--
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#
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# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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# limitations under the License.
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#
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-->
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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## 保护 Admin API
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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### 为什么使用
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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双向认证提供了一种更好的方法来阻止未经授权的对 APISIX Admin API 的访问。
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客户端需要向服务器提供证书,服务器将检查该客户端证书是否由受信的 CA 签名,并决定是否响应其请求。
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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### 如何配置
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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1. 生成自签证书对,包括 CA、server、client 证书对。
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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2. 修改 `conf/config.yaml` 中的配置项:
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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```yaml
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port_admin: 9180
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https_admin: true
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2021-03-18 09:05:38 +08:00
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admin_api_mtls:
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admin_ssl_ca_cert: "/data/certs/mtls_ca.crt" # Path of your self-signed ca cert.
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admin_ssl_cert: "/data/certs/mtls_server.crt" # Path of your self-signed server side cert.
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admin_ssl_cert_key: "/data/certs/mtls_server.key" # Path of your self-signed server side key.
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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```
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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3. 执行命令,使配置生效:
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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```shell
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apisix init
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apisix reload
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```
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### 客户端如何调用
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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需要将证书文件的路径与域名按实际情况替换。
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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* 注意:提供的 CA 证书需要与服务端的相同。*
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2020-07-21 11:41:11 +08:00
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```shell
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curl --cacert /data/certs/mtls_ca.crt --key /data/certs/mtls_client.key --cert /data/certs/mtls_client.crt https://admin.apisix.dev:9180/apisix/admin/routes -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1'
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```
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2021-06-10 01:15:25 +08:00
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## 保护 ETCD
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### 如何配置
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你需要构建 [APISIX-Openresty](./how-to-build.md#6-为-apisix-构建-openresty),并且需要在配置文件中设定 `etcd.tls` 来使 ETCD 的双向认证功能正常工作。
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```yaml
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etcd:
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tls:
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cert: /data/certs/etcd_client.pem # path of certificate used by the etcd client
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key: /data/certs/etcd_client.key # path of key used by the etcd client
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```
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## 保护路由
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### 为什么使用
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双向认证是一种密码学安全的验证客户端身份的手段。当你需要加密并保护流量的双向安全时很有用。
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### 如何配置
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在配置 `ssl` 资源时,同时需要配置 `client.ca` 和 `client.depth` 参数,分别代表为客户端证书签名的 CA 列表,和证书链的最大深度。可参考:[SSL API 文档](./admin-api.md#ssl)。
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下面是一个可用于生成带双向认证配置的 SSL 资源的 Python 脚本示例。如果需要,可修改 API 地址、API Key 和 SSL 资源的 ID。
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```py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# coding: utf-8
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# 保存该文件为 ssl.py
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import sys
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# sudo pip install requests
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import requests
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if len(sys.argv) <= 4:
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print("bad argument")
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sys.exit(1)
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with open(sys.argv[1]) as f:
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cert = f.read()
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with open(sys.argv[2]) as f:
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key = f.read()
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sni = sys.argv[3]
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api_key = "edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1" # Change it
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reqParam = {
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"cert": cert,
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"key": key,
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"snis": [sni],
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}
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if len(sys.argv) >= 5:
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print("Setting mTLS")
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reqParam["client"] = {}
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with open(sys.argv[4]) as f:
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clientCert = f.read()
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reqParam["client"]["ca"] = clientCert
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if len(sys.argv) >= 6:
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reqParam["client"]["depth"] = int(sys.argv[5])
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resp = requests.put("http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/ssl/1", json=reqParam, headers={
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"X-API-KEY": api_key,
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})
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print(resp.status_code)
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print(resp.text)
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```
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使用上述 Python 脚本创建 SSL 资源:
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```bash
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./ssl.py ./server.pem ./server.key 'mtls.test.com' ./client_ca.pem 10
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# 测试
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curl --resolve 'mtls.test.com:<APISIX_HTTPS_PORT>:<APISIX_URL>' "https://<APISIX_URL>:<APISIX_HTTPS_PORT>/hello" -k --cert ./client.pem --key ./client.key
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```
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注意,测试时使用的域名需要符合证书的参数。
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## APISIX 与上游间的双向认证
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### 为什么使用
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有时候上游的服务启用了双向认证。在这种情况下,APISIX 作为上游服务的客户端,需要提供客户端证书来正常与其进行通信。
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### 如何配置
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在配置 upstream 资源时,可以使用参数 `tls.client_cert` 和 `tls.client_key` 来配置 APISIX 用于与上游进行通讯时使用的证书。可参考 [Upstream API 文档](./admin-api.md#upstream)。
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该功能需要 APISIX 运行在 [APISIX-OpenResty](./how-to-build.md#6-为-apisix-构建-openresty) 上。
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下面是一个与配置 SSL 时相似的 Python 脚本,可为一个已存在的 upstream 资源配置双向认证。如果需要,可修改 API 地址和API Key。
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# coding: utf-8
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# 保存该文件为 patch_upstream_mtls.py
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import sys
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# sudo pip install requests
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import requests
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if len(sys.argv) <= 4:
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print("bad argument")
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sys.exit(1)
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with open(sys.argv[2]) as f:
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cert = f.read()
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with open(sys.argv[3]) as f:
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key = f.read()
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id = sys.argv[1]
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api_key = "edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1" # Change it
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reqParam = {
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"tls": {
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"client_cert": cert,
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"client_key": key,
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},
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}
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resp = requests.patch("http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/upstreams/"+id, json=reqParam, headers={
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"X-API-KEY": api_key,
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})
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print(resp.status_code)
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print(resp.text)
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```
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为 ID 为 `testmtls` 的 upstream 配置双向认证:
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```bash
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./patch_upstream_mtls.py testmtls ./client.pem ./client.key
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```
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