2019-10-31 09:27:28 +08:00
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<!--
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#
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# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# limitations under the License.
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#
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-->
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2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
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# 目录
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2019-09-02 18:45:21 +08:00
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- [**APISIX**](#apisix)
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- [**APISIX Config**](#apisix-config)
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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- [**Route**](#route)
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- [**Service**](#service)
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- [**Plugin**](#plugin)
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2019-06-10 15:07:32 +08:00
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- [**Upstream**](#upstream)
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2019-08-04 09:54:30 +08:00
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- [**Router**](#router)
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2019-09-17 12:29:18 +08:00
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- [**Consumer**](#consumer)
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2020-03-07 19:52:55 +08:00
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- [**Global Rule**](#Global-Rule)
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2019-07-27 09:10:06 +08:00
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- [**Debug mode**](#Debug-mode)
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-09-02 18:45:21 +08:00
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## APISIX
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2019-06-06 12:39:49 +08:00
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### 插件加载流程
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2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
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![插件加载流程](../images/flow-load-plugin.png)
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2019-06-06 12:39:49 +08:00
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### 插件内部结构
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<img src="./images/flow-plugin-internal.png" width="50%" height="50%">
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2019-09-02 18:45:21 +08:00
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## APISIX Config
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2019-09-02 18:45:21 +08:00
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通过修改本地 `conf/config.yaml` 文件完成对 APISIX 服务本身的基本配置。
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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```yaml
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apisix:
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node_listen: 9080 # APISIX listening port
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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etcd:
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host: "http://127.0.0.1:2379" # etcd address
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prefix: "apisix" # apisix configurations prefix
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timeout: 60
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plugins: # plugin name list
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- example-plugin
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- limit-req
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- limit-count
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- ...
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```
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2019-09-02 18:45:21 +08:00
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*注意* 不要手工修改 APISIX 自身的 `conf/nginx.conf` 文件,当服务每次启动时,`apisix`
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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会根据 `conf/config.yaml` 配置自动生成新的 `conf/nginx.conf` 并自动启动服务。
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2019-06-05 17:36:58 +08:00
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[返回目录](#目录)
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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## Route
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2019-09-01 22:32:10 +08:00
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Route 字面意思就是路由,通过定义一些规则来匹配客户端的请求,然后根据匹配结果加载并执行相应的
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插件,并把请求转发给到指定 Upstream。
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2019-08-31 13:09:47 +08:00
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2019-09-01 22:32:10 +08:00
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Route 中主要包含三部分内容:匹配规则(比如 uri、host、remote_addr 等),插件配置(限流限速等)和上游信息。
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请看下图示例,是一些 Route 规则的实例,当某些属性值相同时,图中用相同颜色标识。
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2019-08-31 13:09:47 +08:00
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2019-09-01 22:32:10 +08:00
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<img src="./images/routes-example.png" width="50%" height="50%">
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2019-08-31 13:09:47 +08:00
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2019-09-01 22:32:10 +08:00
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我们直接在 Route 中完成所有参数的配置,优点是容易设置,每个 Route 都相对独立自由度比较高。但当我们的 Route 有比较多的重复配置(比如启用相同的插件配置或上游信息),一旦我们要更新这些相同属性时,就需要遍历所有 Route 并进行修改,给后期管理维护增加不少复杂度。
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2019-09-01 22:32:10 +08:00
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上面提及重复的缺点在 APISIX 中独立抽象了 [Service](#service) 和 [Upstream](#upstream) 两个概念来解决。
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下面创建的 Route 示例,是把 uri 为 "/index.html" 的请求代理到地址为 "39.97.63.215:80" 的 Upstream 服务:
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```shell
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -i -d '
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2019-08-31 13:09:47 +08:00
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{
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"uri": "/index.html",
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"upstream": {
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"type": "roundrobin",
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"nodes": {
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"39.97.63.215:80": 1
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}
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}
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}'
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HTTP/1.1 201 Created
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Date: Sat, 31 Aug 2019 01:17:15 GMT
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Content-Type: text/plain
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Transfer-Encoding: chunked
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Connection: keep-alive
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Server: APISIX web server
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-09-01 22:38:06 +08:00
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{"node":{"value":{"uri":"\/index.html","upstream":{"nodes":{"39.97.63.215:80":1},"type":"roundrobin"}},"createdIndex":61925,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":61925},"action":"create"}
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2019-08-31 13:09:47 +08:00
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```
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-09-18 17:24:13 +08:00
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当我们接收到成功应答,表示该 Route 已成功创建。
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
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有关 Route 的具体选项,可具体查阅 [Admin API 之 Route](admin-api.md#route)。
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-06-05 17:36:58 +08:00
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[返回目录](#目录)
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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## Service
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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`Service` 是某类 API 的抽象(也可以理解为一组 Route 的抽象)。它通常与上游服务抽象是一一对应的,`Route`
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与 `Service` 之间,通常是 N:1 的关系,参看下图。
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<img src="./images/service-example.png" width="50%" height="50%">
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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不同 Route 规则同时绑定到一个 Service 上,这些 Route 将具有相同的上游和插件配置,减少冗余配置。
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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比如下面的例子,创建了一个启用限流插件的 Service,然后把 id 为 `100`、`101` 的 Route 都绑定在这个 Service 上。
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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```shell
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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# create new Service
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2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/services/200 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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{
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2019-06-13 17:25:39 +08:00
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"plugins": {
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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"limit-count": {
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"count": 2,
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"time_window": 60,
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"rejected_code": 503,
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"key": "remote_addr"
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}
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},
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"upstream": {
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"type": "roundrobin",
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"nodes": {
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"39.97.63.215:80": 1
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}
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}
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}'
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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# create new Route and reference the service by id `200`
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curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/100 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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{
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"methods": ["GET"],
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"uri": "/index.html",
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"service_id": "200"
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}'
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2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
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curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/101 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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{
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2019-06-18 09:40:00 +08:00
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"methods": ["GET"],
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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"uri": "/foo/index.html",
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"service_id": "200"
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}'
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```
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2019-09-03 14:14:02 +08:00
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当然我们也可以为 Route 指定不同的插件参数或上游,比如下面这个 Route 设置了不同的限流参数,其他部分(比如上游)则继续使用 Service 中的配置参数。
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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```shell
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curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/102 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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{
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"uri": "/bar/index.html",
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"id": "102",
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"service_id": "200",
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2019-06-13 17:25:39 +08:00
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"plugins": {
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"limit-count": {
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"count": 2000,
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"time_window": 60,
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"rejected_code": 503,
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"key": "remote_addr"
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}
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}
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}'
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```
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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注意:当 Route 和 Service 都开启同一个插件时,Route 参数的优先级是高于 Service 的。
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-06-05 17:36:58 +08:00
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[返回目录](#目录)
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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## Plugin
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`Plugin` 表示将在 `HTTP` 请求/响应生命周期期间执行的插件配置。
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2019-06-05 16:30:57 +08:00
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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`Plugin` 配置可直接绑定在 `Route` 上,也可以被绑定在 `Service` 或 `Consumer`上。而对于同一
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个插件的配置,只能有一份是有效的,配置选择优先级总是 `Consumer` > `Route` > `Service`。
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2019-09-02 18:45:21 +08:00
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在 `conf/config.yaml` 中,可以声明本地 APISIX 节点都支持哪些插件。这是个白名单机制,不在该
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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白名单的插件配置,都将会被自动忽略。这个特性可用于临时关闭或打开特定插件,应对突发情况非常有效。
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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插件的配置可以被直接绑定在指定 Route 中,也可以被绑定在 Service 中,不过 Route 中的插件配置
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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优先级更高。
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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一个插件在一次请求中只会执行一次,即使被同时绑定到多个不同对象中(比如 Route 或 Service)。
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2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
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插件运行先后顺序是根据插件自身的优先级来决定的,例如:[example-plugin](../../apisix/plugins/example-plugin.lua#L37)。
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2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
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插件配置作为 Route 或 Service 的一部分提交的,放到 `plugins` 下。它内部是使用插件
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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名字作为哈希的 key 来保存不同插件的配置项。
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```json
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{
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...
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2019-06-13 17:25:39 +08:00
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"plugins": {
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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"limit-count": {
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"count": 2,
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"time_window": 60,
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"rejected_code": 503,
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"key": "remote_addr"
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},
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"prometheus": {}
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}
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}
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```
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并不是所有插件都有具体配置项,比如 `prometheus` 下是没有任何具体配置项,这时候用一个空的对象
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标识即可。
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2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
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[查看 APISIX 已支持插件列表](plugins.md)
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-06-05 17:36:58 +08:00
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[返回目录](#目录)
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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## Upstream
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2019-09-18 17:24:13 +08:00
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Upstream 是虚拟主机抽象,对给定的多个服务节点按照配置规则进行负载均衡。Upstream 的地址信息可以直接配置到 `Route`(或 `Service`) 上,当 Upstream 有重复时,就需要用“引用”方式避免重复了。
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2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
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2019-09-02 20:19:29 +08:00
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<img src="./images/upstream-example.png" width="50%" height="50%">
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2019-06-05 16:30:57 +08:00
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2019-09-02 20:19:29 +08:00
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如上图所示,通过创建 Upstream 对象,在 `Route` 用 ID 方式引用,就可以确保只维护一个对象的值了。
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Upstream 的配置可以被直接绑定在指定 `Route` 中,也可以被绑定在 `Service` 中,不过 `Route` 中的配置
|
|
|
|
|
优先级更高。这里的优先级行为与 `Plugin` 非常相似
|
2019-07-18 16:09:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 配置参数
|
2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-02 20:19:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
APISIX 的 Upstream 除了基本的复杂均衡算法选择外,还支持对上游做主被动健康检查、重试等逻辑,具体看下面表格。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|名字 |可选|说明|
|
|
|
|
|
|------- |-----|------|
|
2020-02-24 13:52:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|type |必填|`roundrobin` 支持权重的负载,`chash` 一致性哈希,两者是二选一的|
|
2020-06-01 15:47:39 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|nodes |与 `k8s_deployment_info`、 `service_name` 三选一|哈希表,内部元素的 key 是上游机器地址列表,格式为`地址 + Port`,其中地址部分可以是 IP 也可以是域名,比如 `192.168.1.100:80`、`foo.com:80` 等。value 则是节点的权重。当权重值为 `0` 代表该上游节点失效,不会被选中,可以用于暂时摘除节点的情况。|
|
2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|service_name |与 `nodes`、 `k8s_deployment_info` 三选一 |用于设置上游服务名,并配合注册中心使用,详细可参考[集成服务发现注册中心](discovery.md) |
|
2020-06-01 15:47:39 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|k8s_deployment_info|与 `nodes`、 `service_name` 三选一|哈希表|字段包括 `namespace`、`deploy_name`、`service_name`、`port`、`backend_type`,其中 `port` 字段为数值,`backend_type` 为 `pod` 或 `service`,其他为字符串 |
|
2020-02-24 13:52:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|key |可选|在 `type` 等于 `chash` 是必选项。 `key` 需要配合 `hash_on` 来使用,通过 `hash_on` 和 `key` 来查找对应的 node `id`|
|
|
|
|
|
|hash_on |可选|`hash_on` 支持的类型有 `vars`(Nginx内置变量),`header`(自定义header),`cookie`,`consumer`,默认值为 `vars`|
|
2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|checks |可选|配置健康检查的参数,详细可参考[health-check](../health-check.md)|
|
2020-01-07 20:17:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|retries |可选|使用底层的 Nginx 重试机制将请求传递给下一个上游,默认 APISIX 会启用重试机制,根据配置的后端节点个数设置重试次数,如果此参数显式被设置将会覆盖系统默认设置的重试次数。|
|
2020-01-14 14:37:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|enable_websocket|可选| 是否启用 `websocket`(布尔值),默认不启用|
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-02-24 13:52:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`hash_on` 比较复杂,这里专门说明下:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-02-24 13:52:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
1. 设为 `vars` 时,`key` 为必传参数,目前支持的 Nginx 内置变量有 `uri, server_name, server_addr, request_uri, remote_port, remote_addr, query_string, host, hostname, arg_***`,其中 `arg_***` 是来自URL的请求参数,[Nginx 变量列表](http://nginx.org/en/docs/varindex.html)
|
|
|
|
|
1. 设为 `header` 时, `key` 为必传参数,其值为自定义的 header name, 即 "http_`key`"
|
|
|
|
|
1. 设为 `cookie` 时, `key` 为必传参数,其值为自定义的 cookie name,即 "cookie_`key`"
|
|
|
|
|
1. 设为 `consumer` 时,`key` 不需要设置。此时哈希算法采用的 `key` 为认证通过的 `consumer_id`。
|
|
|
|
|
1. 如果指定的 `hash_on` 和 `key` 获取不到值时,就是用默认值:`remote_addr`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
创建上游对象用例:
|
2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```json
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/upstreams/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"type": "roundrobin",
|
2020-04-27 10:47:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"k8s_deployment_info": {
|
|
|
|
|
"namespace": "test-namespace",
|
|
|
|
|
"deploy_name": "test-deploy-name",
|
|
|
|
|
"service_name": "test-service-name",
|
|
|
|
|
"backend_type": "pod",
|
|
|
|
|
"port": 8080
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/upstreams/2 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"type": "chash",
|
|
|
|
|
"key": "remote_addr",
|
2020-01-14 14:37:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"enable_websocket": true,
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"nodes": {
|
|
|
|
|
"127.0.0.1:80": 1,
|
2019-09-18 17:41:44 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"foo.com:80": 2
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
上游对象创建后,均可以被具体 `Route` 或 `Service` 引用,例如:
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"uri": "/index.html",
|
2019-06-18 09:40:00 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"upstream_id": 2
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-02 19:48:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
为了方便使用,也可以直接把上游地址直接绑到某个 `Route` 或 `Service` ,例如:
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"uri": "/index.html",
|
2019-06-13 17:25:39 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"plugins": {
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"limit-count": {
|
|
|
|
|
"count": 2,
|
|
|
|
|
"time_window": 60,
|
|
|
|
|
"rejected_code": 503,
|
|
|
|
|
"key": "remote_addr"
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"upstream": {
|
|
|
|
|
"type": "roundrobin",
|
|
|
|
|
"nodes": {
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"39.97.63.215:80": 1
|
2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2019-06-11 12:20:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
}'
|
2019-06-05 16:10:53 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-07-18 16:09:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
下面是一个配置了健康检查的示例:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-07-18 16:09:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2019-07-18 16:09:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"uri": "/index.html",
|
|
|
|
|
"plugins": {
|
|
|
|
|
"limit-count": {
|
|
|
|
|
"count": 2,
|
|
|
|
|
"time_window": 60,
|
|
|
|
|
"rejected_code": 503,
|
|
|
|
|
"key": "remote_addr"
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
"upstream": {
|
|
|
|
|
"nodes": {
|
|
|
|
|
"39.97.63.215:80": 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
"type": "roundrobin",
|
2019-07-22 13:13:34 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"retries": 2,
|
2019-07-18 16:09:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"checks": {
|
|
|
|
|
"active": {
|
|
|
|
|
"http_path": "/status",
|
|
|
|
|
"host": "foo.com",
|
|
|
|
|
"healthy": {
|
|
|
|
|
"interval": 2,
|
|
|
|
|
"successes": 1
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
"unhealthy": {
|
|
|
|
|
"interval": 1,
|
|
|
|
|
"http_failures": 2
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
更多细节可以参考[健康检查的文档](../health-check.md)。
|
2019-07-18 16:09:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
下面是几个使用不同`hash_on`类型的配置示例:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Consumer
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
创建一个consumer对象:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/consumers -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d `
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"username": "jack",
|
|
|
|
|
"plugins": {
|
|
|
|
|
"key-auth": {
|
|
|
|
|
"key": "auth-jack"
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}`
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
新建路由,打开`key-auth`插件认证,`upstream`的`hash_on`类型为`consumer`:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"plugins": {
|
|
|
|
|
"key-auth": {}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
"upstream": {
|
|
|
|
|
"nodes": {
|
|
|
|
|
"127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
|
|
|
|
|
"127.0.0.1:1981": 1
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
"type": "chash",
|
|
|
|
|
"hash_on": "consumer"
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
"uri": "/server_port"
|
|
|
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
测试请求,认证通过后的`consumer_id`将作为负载均衡哈希算法的哈希值:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/server_port -H "apikey: auth-jack"
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### Cookie
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
新建路由和`Upstream`,`hash_on`类型为`cookie`:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"uri": "/hash_on_cookie",
|
|
|
|
|
"upstream": {
|
|
|
|
|
"key": "sid",
|
|
|
|
|
"type ": "chash",
|
|
|
|
|
"hash_on ": "cookie",
|
|
|
|
|
"nodes ": {
|
|
|
|
|
"127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
|
|
|
|
|
"127.0.0.1:1981": 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
客户端请求携带`Cookie`:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hash_on_cookie -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -H "Cookie: sid=3c183a30cffcda1408daf1c61d47b274"
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### Header
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
新建路由和`Upstream`,`hash_on`类型为`header`, `key`为`content-type`:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"uri": "/hash_on_header",
|
|
|
|
|
"upstream": {
|
|
|
|
|
"key": "content-type",
|
|
|
|
|
"type ": "chash",
|
|
|
|
|
"hash_on ": "header",
|
|
|
|
|
"nodes ": {
|
|
|
|
|
"127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
|
|
|
|
|
"127.0.0.1:1981": 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
客户端请求携带`content-type`的`header`:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hash_on_header -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -H "Content-Type: application/json"
|
2020-01-10 15:17:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-06-05 17:36:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[返回目录](#目录)
|
2019-07-27 09:10:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-08-04 09:54:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## Router
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-02 00:15:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
APISIX 区别于其他 API 网关的一大特点是允许用户选择不同 Router 来更好匹配自由业务,在性能、自由之间做最适合选择。
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2019-08-04 09:54:30 +08:00
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2019-09-02 00:15:28 +08:00
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在本地配置 `conf/config.yaml` 中设置最符合自身业务需求的路由。
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2019-08-04 09:54:30 +08:00
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* `apisix.router.http`: HTTP 请求路由。
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2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
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* `radixtree_uri`: (默认)只使用 `uri` 作为主索引。基于 `radixtree` 引擎,支持全量和深前缀匹配,更多见 [如何使用 router-radixtree](../router-radixtree.md)。
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2019-08-12 09:04:41 +08:00
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* `绝对匹配`:完整匹配给定的 `uri` ,比如 `/foo/bar`,`/foo/glo`。
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* `前缀匹配`:末尾使用 `*` 代表给定的 `uri` 是前缀匹配。比如 `/foo*`,则允许匹配 `/foo/`、`/foo/a`和`/foo/b`等。
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2019-08-12 16:52:46 +08:00
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* `匹配优先级`:优先尝试绝对匹配,若无法命中绝对匹配,再尝试前缀匹配。
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2019-09-01 23:57:28 +08:00
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* `任意过滤属性`:允许指定任何 Ningx 内置变量作为过滤条件,比如 uri 请求参数、请求头、cookie 等。
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2019-10-23 12:59:22 +08:00
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* `radixtree_host_uri`: 使用 `host + uri` 作为主索引(基于 `radixtree` 引擎),对当前请求会同时匹配 host 和 uri,支持的匹配条件与 `radixtree_uri` 基本一致。
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2019-08-04 09:54:30 +08:00
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* `apisix.router.ssl`: SSL 加载匹配路由。
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2019-09-02 00:15:28 +08:00
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* `radixtree_sni`: (默认)使用 `SNI` (Server Name Indication) 作为主索引(基于 radixtree 引擎)。
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2019-08-04 09:54:30 +08:00
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[返回目录](#目录)
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2019-09-17 12:29:18 +08:00
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## Consumer
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对于 API 网关通常可以用请求域名、客户端 IP 地址等字段识别到某类请求方,
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然后进行插件过滤并转发请求到指定上游,但有时候这个深度不够。
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<img src="./images/consumer-who.png" width="50%" height="50%">
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如上图所示,作为 API 网关,需要知道 API Consumer(消费方)具体是谁,这样就可以对不同 API Consumer 配置不同规则。
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2019-09-22 06:05:58 +08:00
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|字段|必选|说明|
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|---|----|----|
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|username|是|Consumer 名称。|
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|plugins|否|该 Consumer 对应的插件配置,它的优先级是最高的:Consumer > Route > Service。对于具体插件配置,可以参考 [Plugins](#plugin) 章节。|
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2019-09-17 12:29:18 +08:00
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在 APISIX 中,识别 Consumer 的过程如下图:
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<img src="./images/consumer-internal.png" width="50%" height="50%">
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|
2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
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1. 授权认证:比如有 [key-auth](../plugins/key-auth.md)、[JWT](plugins/jwt-auth.md) 等。
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2019-09-17 12:29:18 +08:00
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2. 获取 consumer_id:通过授权认证,即可自然获取到对应的 Consumer `id`,它是 Consumer 对象的唯一识别标识。
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3. 获取 Consumer 上绑定的 Plugin 或 Upstream 信息:完成对不同 Consumer 做不同配置的效果。
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概括一下,Consumer 是某类服务的消费者,需与用户认证体系配合才能使用。
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2019-09-18 17:24:13 +08:00
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比如不同的 Consumer 请求同一个 API,网关服务根据当前请求用户信息,对应不同的 Plugin 或 Upstream 配置。
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2019-09-17 12:29:18 +08:00
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|
2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
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此外,大家也可以参考 [key-auth](../plugins/key-auth.md) 认证授权插件的调用逻辑,辅助大家来进一步理解 Consumer 概念和使用。
|
2019-09-22 06:05:58 +08:00
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如何对某个 Consumer 开启指定插件,可以看下面例子:
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```shell
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# 创建 Consumer ,指定认证插件 key-auth ,并开启特定插件 limit-count
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/consumers/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2019-09-22 06:05:58 +08:00
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{
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"username": "jack",
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"plugins": {
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"key-auth": {
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"key": "auth-one"
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},
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"limit-count": {
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"count": 2,
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"time_window": 60,
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"rejected_code": 503,
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"key": "remote_addr"
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}
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}
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}'
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# 创建 Router,设置路由规则和启用插件配置
|
2020-03-05 14:48:27 +08:00
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
2019-09-22 06:05:58 +08:00
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{
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"plugins": {
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"key-auth": {}
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},
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"upstream": {
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"nodes": {
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"127.0.0.1:1980": 1
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},
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"type": "roundrobin"
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},
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"uri": "/hello"
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}'
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# 发测试请求,前两次返回正常,没达到限速阈值
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -H 'apikey: auth-one' -I
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...
|
2019-09-17 12:29:18 +08:00
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|
2019-09-22 06:05:58 +08:00
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -H 'apikey: auth-one' -I
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...
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# 第三次测试返回 503,请求被限制
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|
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -H 'apikey: auth-one' -I
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HTTP/1.1 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable
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...
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|
```
|
2019-09-17 12:29:18 +08:00
|
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|
2020-06-19 12:03:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
结合 [consumer-restriction](plugins/consumer-restriction.md) 插件,限制jack对该 route 的访问
|
2020-06-08 12:49:46 +08:00
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|
|
# 设置黑名单,禁止jack访问该API
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|
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
|
|
|
|
|
{
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|
"plugins": {
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|
|
"key-auth": {},
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|
"consumer-restriction": {
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|
"blacklist": [
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"jack"
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]
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|
}
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},
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|
"upstream": {
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|
"nodes": {
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|
|
"127.0.0.1:1980": 1
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|
},
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|
"type": "roundrobin"
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|
},
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|
"uri": "/hello"
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|
}'
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|
# 反复测试,均返回 403,jack被禁止访问
|
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|
|
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -H 'apikey: auth-one' -I
|
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|
|
HTTP/1.1 403
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|
|
...
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|
|
```
|
|
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|
2019-09-17 12:29:18 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[返回目录](#目录)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-07 19:52:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## Global Rule
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
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|
2020-03-07 19:52:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[Plugin](#Plugin) 只能绑定在 [Service](#Service) 或者 [Route](#Route) 上,如果我们需要一个能作用于所有请求的 [Plugin](#Plugin) 该怎么办呢?
|
|
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|
|
这时候我们可以使用 `GlobalRule` 来注册一个全局的 [Plugin](#Plugin):
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-07 19:52:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
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|
|
curl -X PUT \
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|
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|
|
https://{apisix_listen_address}/apisix/admin/global_rules/1 \
|
|
|
|
|
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
|
2020-06-08 10:40:18 +08:00
|
|
|
|
-H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' \
|
2020-03-07 19:52:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
-d '{
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|
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|
|
"plugins": {
|
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|
|
"limit-count": {
|
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|
|
"time_window": 60,
|
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|
|
"policy": "local",
|
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|
|
"count": 2,
|
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|
|
"key": "remote_addr",
|
|
|
|
|
"rejected_code": 503
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
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|
|
}
|
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|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-07 19:52:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
如上所注册的 `limit-count` 插件将会作用于所有的请求。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们可以通过以下接口查看所有的 `GlobalRule`:
|
2020-04-20 09:07:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-07 19:52:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
2020-06-08 10:40:18 +08:00
|
|
|
|
curl https://{apisix_listen_address}/apisix/admin/global_rules -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1'
|
2020-03-07 19:52:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
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|
|
|
|
[返回目录](#目录)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-07-27 09:10:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## Debug mode
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-10-09 11:26:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 基本调试模式
|
2019-07-27 09:10:06 +08:00
|
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|
|
|
2019-10-09 11:26:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
设置 `conf/config.yaml` 中的 `apisix.enable_debug` 为 `true`,即可开启基本调试模式。
|
2019-07-27 09:10:06 +08:00
|
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|
|
|
2019-10-09 11:26:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
比如对 `/hello` 开启了 `limit-conn`和`limit-count`插件,这时候应答头中会有 `Apisix-Plugins: limit-conn, limit-count`。
|
2019-07-27 09:10:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:1984/hello -i
|
|
|
|
|
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
|
|
|
|
Content-Type: text/plain
|
|
|
|
|
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
|
|
|
|
|
Connection: keep-alive
|
|
|
|
|
Apisix-Plugins: limit-conn, limit-count
|
|
|
|
|
X-RateLimit-Limit: 2
|
|
|
|
|
X-RateLimit-Remaining: 1
|
|
|
|
|
Server: openresty
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hello world
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-10-09 11:26:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 高级调试模式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
设置 `conf/debug.yaml` 中的选项,开启高级调试模式。由于 APISIX 服务启动后是每秒定期检查该文件,
|
|
|
|
|
当可以正常读取到 `#END` 结尾时,才认为文件处于写完关闭状态。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
根据文件最后修改时间判断文件内容是否有变化,如有变化则重新加载,如没变化则跳过本次检查。
|
|
|
|
|
所以高级调试模式的开启、关闭都是热更新方式完成。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|名字|可选项|说明|默认值|
|
|
|
|
|
|----|-----|---------|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|hook_conf.enable|必选项|是否开启 hook 追踪调试。开启后将打印指定模块方法的请求参数或返回值|false|
|
|
|
|
|
|hook_conf.name|必选项|开启 hook 追踪调试的模块列表名称||
|
|
|
|
|
|hook_conf.log_level|必选项|打印请求参数和返回值的日志级别|warn|
|
|
|
|
|
|hook_conf.is_print_input_args|必选项|是否打印输入参数|true|
|
|
|
|
|
|hook_conf.is_print_return_value|必选项|是否打印返回值|true|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
请看下面示例:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
|
|
|
hook_conf:
|
|
|
|
|
enable: false # 是否开启 hook 追踪调试
|
|
|
|
|
name: hook_phase # 开启 hook 追踪调试的模块列表名称
|
|
|
|
|
log_level: warn # 日志级别
|
|
|
|
|
is_print_input_args: true # 是否打印输入参数
|
|
|
|
|
is_print_return_value: true # 是否打印返回值
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hook_phase: # 模块函数列表,名字:hook_phase
|
|
|
|
|
apisix: # 引用的模块名称
|
|
|
|
|
- http_access_phase # 函数名:数组
|
|
|
|
|
- http_header_filter_phase
|
|
|
|
|
- http_body_filter_phase
|
|
|
|
|
- http_log_phase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#END
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-07-27 09:10:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[返回目录](#目录)
|