doc: add more steps for install. (#1805)

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README.md
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@ -27,17 +27,16 @@
- Mail list: Mail to dev-subscribe@apisix.apache.org, follow the reply to subscribe the mail list.
- ![Twitter Follow](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/ApacheAPISIX?style=social)
APISIX is a cloud-native microservices API gateway, delivering the ultimate performance, security, open source and scalable platform for all your APIs and microservices.
## What's Apache APISIX?
Apache APISIX is a dynamic, real-time, high-performance API gateway, based on the Nginx library and etcd.
APISIX is based on Nginx and etcd. Compared with traditional API gateways, APISIX has dynamic routing and plug-in hot loading, which is especially suitable for API management under micro-service system.
APISIX provides rich traffic management features such as load balancing, dynamic upstream, canary release, circuit breaking, authentication, observability, and more.
## Why APISIX?
You can use Apache APISIX to handle traditional north-south traffic,
as well as east-west traffic between services.
It can also be used as a k8s ingress controller.
If you are building a website, mobile device or IoT (Internet of Things) application, you may need to use an API gateway to handle interface traffic.
APISIX is a cloud-based microservices API gateway that handles traditional north-south traffic and handles east-west traffic between services, and can also be used as a k8s ingress controller.
APISIX provides dynamic load balancing, authentication, rate limiting, other plugins through plugin mechanisms, and supports plugins you develop yourself.
The technical architecture of Apache APISIX:
![](doc/images/apisix.png)
@ -70,7 +69,6 @@ A/B testing, canary release, blue-green deployment, limit rate, defense against
- Hash-based Load Balancing: Load balance with consistent hashing sessions.
- [Health Checks](doc/health-check.md): Enable health check on the upstream node, and will automatically filter unhealthy nodes during load balancing to ensure system stability.
- Circuit-Breaker: Intelligent tracking of unhealthy upstream services.
- [Dynamic service discovery](doc/discovery.md)Support service discovery based on registry, reduce the reverse proxy maintenance costs.
- **Fine-grained routing**
- [Supports full path matching and prefix matching](doc/router-radixtree.md#how-to-use-libradixtree-in-apisix)
@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ A/B testing, canary release, blue-green deployment, limit rate, defense against
- Support [various operators as judgment conditions for routing](https://github.com/iresty/lua-resty-radixtree#operator-list), for example `{"arg_age", ">", 24}`
- Support [custom route matching function](https://github.com/iresty/lua-resty-radixtree/blob/master/t/filter-fun.t#L10)
- IPv6: Use IPv6 to match route.
- Support [TTL](doc/zh-cn/admin-api.md#route)
- Support [TTL](doc/admin-api.md#route)
- [Support priority](doc/router-radixtree.md#3-match-priority)
- [Support Batch Http Requests](doc/plugins/batch-requests.md)
@ -95,6 +93,7 @@ A/B testing, canary release, blue-green deployment, limit rate, defense against
- **OPS friendly**
- OpenTracing: support [Apache Skywalking](doc/plugins/skywalking.md) and [Zipkin](doc/plugins/zipkin.md)
- works with external service discoveryIn addition to the built-in etcd, it also supports `Consul` and `Nacos` [DNS discovery mode](https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix/issues/1731#issuecomment-646392129), and [Eureka](doc/discovery.md)
- Monitoring And Metrics: [Prometheus](doc/plugins/prometheus.md)
- Clustering: APISIX nodes are stateless, creates clustering of the configuration center, please refer to [etcd Clustering Guide](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/op-guide/clustering.md).
- High availability: support to configure multiple etcd addresses in the same cluster.
@ -113,60 +112,103 @@ A/B testing, canary release, blue-green deployment, limit rate, defense against
- Custom load balancing algorithms: You can use custom load balancing algorithms during the `balancer` phase.
- Custom routing: Support users to implement routing algorithms themselves.
## Installation
## Configure and Installation
APISIX Installed and tested in the following systems(OpenResty MUST >= 1.15.8.1, or Tengine >= 2.3.2):
APISIX Installed and tested in the following systems:
CentOS 7, Ubuntu 16.04, Ubuntu 18.04, Debian 9, Debian 10, macOS, **ARM64** Ubuntu 18.04
Steps to install APISIX:
1. Installation runtime dependencies: Nginx and etcd, refer to [documentation](doc/install-dependencies.md)
2. There are several ways to install Apache APISIX:
- [Source Release](doc/how-to-build.md#installation-via-source-release)
- [RPM package](doc/how-to-build.md#installation-via-rpm-package-centos-7) for CentOS 7
- [Luarocks](doc/how-to-build.md#installation-via-luarocks-macos-not-supported)
- [Docker](https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix-docker)
There are several ways to install the Apache Release version of APISIX:
1. Source code compilation (applicable to all systems)
- Installation runtime dependencies: OpenResty and etcd, and compilation dependencies: luarocks. Refer to [install dependencies documentation](doc/install-dependencies.md)
- Download the latest source code release package:
```shell
wget http://www.apache.org/dist/incubator/apisix/1.4/apache-apisix-1.4-incubating-src.tar.gz
tar zxvf apache-apisix-1.4-incubating-src.tar.gz
```
- Install the dependencies
```shell
cd apache-apisix-1.4-incubating
make deps
```
- check version of APISIX:
```shell
./bin/apisix version
```
- start APISIX (Please make sure that etcd is started and enabled the v2 protocol):
```shell
./bin/apisix start
```
2. [Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/apisix) applicable to all systems
## Quickstart
1. start server:
By default, the latest Apache release package will be pulled:
```shell
sudo apisix start
docker pull apache/apisix
```
2. Try the getting started guide
The Docker image does not include `etcd`, you can refer to [docker compose example] (https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix-docker/tree/master/example) to start a test cluster.
The getting-started guide is a good way to learn the basics of APISIX. Follow the [getting started guide](doc/getting-started.md).
3. RPM packageonly for CentOS 7
- Installation runtime dependencies: OpenResty and etcd, refer to [install dependencies documentation](doc/install-dependencies.md#centos-7)
- install APISIX
```shell
sudo yum install -y https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix/releases/download/1.4/apisix-1.4-0.el7.noarch.rpm
```
- check version of APISIX:
```shell
apisix version
```
- start APISIX (Please make sure that etcd is started and enabled the v2 protocol):
```shell
apisix start
```
Then you can try more [plugins](doc/README.md#plugins).
**Note**: Apache APISIX does not yet support the v3 protocol of etcd, so you need to enable v2 protocol when starting etcd.
We are doing support for etcd v3 protocol.
```shell
etcd --enable-v2=true &
```
## For Developer
1. For developers, you can use the latest master branch to experience more features
- build from source code
```shell
git clone git@github.com:apache/incubator-apisix.git
cd incubator-apisix
make deps
```
- Docker image
```shell
git clone https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix-docker.git
cd incubator-apisix-docker
sudo docker build -f alpine-dev/Dockerfile .
```
2. Getting start
The getting started guide is a great way to learn the basics of APISIX, just follow the steps in [Getting Started] (doc/getting-started.md).
Further, you can follow the documentation to try more [plugins] (doc/README.md#Plugins).
3. Admin API
Apache APISIX provides [REST Admin API] (doc/admin-api.md) to dynamic control the Apache APISIX cluster.
4. Plugin development
You can refer to [plugin development guide] (doc/plugin-develop.md), and [sample plugin `echo`] (doc/plugins/echo.md) documentation and code implementation.
Please note that Apache APISIX plugins' added, updated, deleted, etc. are hot loaded, without restarting the service.
For more documents, please refer to [Apache APISIX Document Index] (doc/README.md)
## Dashboard
APISIX has built-in support for Dashboard, as follows:
1. Please make sure your machine has the latest Node.js(10 or higher), or there will occur build issues.
2. Download the source codes of dashboard submodule:
```
git submodule update --init --recursive
```
3. Install [yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install)
4. Install dependencies then run build command:
```
cd dashboard
yarn && yarn build:prod
```
5. Integration with APISIX
Copy the compiled files under `/dist` directory to the `apisix/dashboard` directory,
```
cp -r dist/* .
```
open `http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/dashboard/` in the browser.
Do not need to fill the user name and password, log in directly.
APISIX has built-in support for Dashboard,
The dashboard only allows 127.0.0.1 by default, and you can modify `allow_admin` in `conf/config.yaml` by yourself, to list the list of IPs allowed to access.
@ -174,6 +216,8 @@ The dashboard only allows 127.0.0.1 by default, and you can modify `allow_admin`
Using AWS's 8 core server, APISIX's QPS reach to 140,000 with a latency of only 0.2 ms.
[benckmark script](benchmark/run.sh), [test method and process](https://gist.github.com/membphis/137db97a4bf64d3653aa42f3e016bd01) has been open source, welcome to try and contribute.
## Document
[Document Indexing for Apache APISIX](doc/README.md)
@ -217,6 +261,8 @@ Using AWS's 8 core server, APISIX's QPS reach to 140,000 with a latency of only
| Speed limit for a specified time window | Yes | No |
| Support any Nginx variable as routing condition | Yes | No |
Benchmark comparison test [details data](https://gist.github.com/membphis/137db97a4bf64d3653aa42f3e016bd01)
## Videos And Articles
- [APISIX technology selection, testing and continuous integration](https://medium.com/@ming_wen/apache-apisixs-technology-selection-testing-and-continuous-integration-313221b02542)
- [Analysis of Excellent Performance of Apache APISIX Microservices Gateway](https://medium.com/@ming_wen/analysis-of-excellent-performance-of-apache-apisix-microservices-gateway-fc77db4090b5)

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- 邮件列表: 发邮件到 dev-subscribe@apisix.apache.org, 然后跟着回复邮件操作即可。
- ![Twitter Follow](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/ApacheAPISIX?style=social)
APISIX 是一个云原生、高性能、可扩展的微服务 API 网关。
## Apache APISIX 是什么?
Apache APISIX 是一个动态、实时、高性能的 API 网关,基于 Nginx 网络库和 etcd 实现,
提供负载均衡、动态上游、灰度发布、服务熔断、身份认证、可观测性等丰富的流量管理功能。
它是基于 Nginx 和 etcd 来实现,和传统 API 网关相比APISIX 具备动态路由和插件热加载,特别适合微服务体系下的 API 管理。
你可以使用 Apache APISIX 来处理传统的南北向流量,以及服务间的东西向流量,
也可以当做 k8s ingress controller 来使用。
## 为什么选择 APISIX
如果你正在构建网站、移动设备或 IoT物联网的应用那么你可能需要使用 API 网关来处理接口流量。
APISIX 是基于云原生的微服务 API 网关,它是所有业务流量的入口,可以处理传统的南北向流量,也可以处理服务间的东西向流量,也可以当做 k8s ingress controller 来使用。
APISIX 通过插件机制,提供动态负载平衡、身份验证、限流限速等功能,并且支持你自己开发的插件。
Apache APISIX 的技术架构如下图所示:
![](doc/images/apisix.png)
## 功能
你可以把 Apache APISIX 当做流量入口,来处理所有的业务数据,包括动态路由、动态上游、动态证书、
A/B 测试、金丝雀发布(灰度发布)、蓝绿部署、限流限速、抵御恶意攻击、监控报警、服务可观测性、服务治理等。
@ -70,7 +68,6 @@ A/B 测试、金丝雀发布(灰度发布)、蓝绿部署、限流限速、抵
- 支持一致性 hash 的负载均衡:动态支持一致性 hash 的负载均衡。
- [健康检查](doc/health-check.md):启用上游节点的健康检查,将在负载均衡期间自动过滤不健康的节点,以确保系统稳定性。
- 熔断器: 智能跟踪不健康上游服务。
- [动态服务发现](doc/zh-cn/discovery.md):支持基于注册中心的服务发现功能,降低反向代理维护成本。
- **精细化路由**
- [支持全路径匹配和前缀匹配](doc/router-radixtree.md#how-to-use-libradixtree-in-apisix)
@ -95,6 +92,7 @@ A/B 测试、金丝雀发布(灰度发布)、蓝绿部署、限流限速、抵
- **运维友好**
- OpenTracing 可观测性: 支持 [Apache Skywalking](doc/zh-cn/plugins/skywalking.md) 和 [Zipkin](doc/zh-cn/plugins/zipkin.md)。
- 对接外部服务发现:除了内置的 etcd 外,还支持 `Consul``Nacos` 的 [DNS 发现模式](https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix/issues/1731#issuecomment-646392129),以及 [Eureka](doc/zh-cn/discovery.md)。
- 监控和指标: [Prometheus](doc/zh-cn/plugins/prometheus.md)
- 集群APISIX 节点是无状态的,创建配置中心集群请参考 [etcd Clustering Guide](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/op-guide/clustering.md)。
- 高可用:支持配置同一个集群内的多个 etcd 地址。
@ -113,26 +111,80 @@ A/B 测试、金丝雀发布(灰度发布)、蓝绿部署、限流限速、抵
- 自定义负载均衡算法:可以在 `balancer` 阶段使用自定义负载均衡算法。
- 自定义路由: 支持用户自己实现路由算法。
## 安装
## 编译和安装
APISIX 在以下操作系统中可顺利安装并做过运行测试需要注意的是OpenResty 的版本必须 >= 1.15.8.1
APISIX 在以下操作系统中可顺利安装并做过测试:
CentOS 7, Ubuntu 16.04, Ubuntu 18.04, Debian 9, Debian 10, macOS, **ARM64** Ubuntu 18.04
安装 APISIX 的步骤:
1. 安装运行时依赖OpenResty 和 etcd参考[依赖安装文档](doc/zh-cn/install-dependencies.md)
2. 有以下几种方式来安装 Apache APISIX:
- 通过[源码包安装](doc/zh-cn/how-to-build.md#通过源码包安装);
- 如果你在使用 CentOS 7可以使用 [RPM 包安装](doc/zh-cn/how-to-build.md#通过-rpm-包安装centos-7)
- 其它 Linux 操作系统,可以使用 [Luarocks 安装方式](doc/zh-cn/how-to-build.md#通过-luarocks-安装-不支持-macos)
- 你也可以使用 [Docker 镜像](https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix-docker) 来安装。
有以下几种方式来安装 APISIX 的 Apache Release 版本:
1. 源码编译(适用所有系统)
- 安装运行时依赖OpenResty 和 etcd以及编译的依赖luarocks。参考[依赖安装文档](doc/zh-cn/install-dependencies.md)
- 下载最新的源码发布包:
```shell
wget http://www.apache.org/dist/incubator/apisix/1.4/apache-apisix-1.4-incubating-src.tar.gz
tar zxvf apache-apisix-1.4-incubating-src.tar.gz
```
- 安装运行时依赖的 Lua 库:
```shell
cd apache-apisix-1.4-incubating
make deps
```
- 检查 APISIX 的版本号:
```shell
./bin/apisix version
```
- 启动 APISIX (请先确保已经启动了 etcd并打开了 v2 协议):
```shell
./bin/apisix start
```
2. [Docker 镜像](https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/apisix)(适用所有系统)
## 快速上手
1. 启动 APISIX
默认会拉取最新的 Apache 发布包:
```shell
sudo apisix start
docker pull apache/apisix
```
Docker 镜像中并不包含 etcd你可以参考 [docker compose 的示例](https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix-docker/tree/master/example)来启动一个测试集群。
3. RPM 包(只适用于 CentOS 7
- 安装依赖OpenResty 和 etcd参考[依赖安装文档](doc/zh-cn/install-dependencies.md#centos-7)
- 安装 APISIX
```shell
sudo yum install -y https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix/releases/download/1.4/apisix-1.4-0.el7.noarch.rpm
```
- 检查 APISIX 的版本号:
```shell
apisix version
```
- 启动 APISIX (请先确保已经启动了 etcd并打开了 v2 协议):
```shell
apisix start
```
**注意**Apache APISIX 现在还不支持 etcd 的 v3 协议,所以启动 etcd 时需要开启 v2 协议的支持。
我们正在做 etcd v3 协议的支持。
```shell
etcd --enable-v2=true &
```
## 针对开发者
1. 对于开发者而言,可以使用最新的 master 分支来体验更多功能
- 源码编译
```shell
git clone git@github.com:apache/incubator-apisix.git
cd incubator-apisix
make deps
```
- Docker 镜像
```shell
git clone https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix-docker.git
cd incubator-apisix-docker
sudo docker build -f alpine-dev/Dockerfile .
```
2. 入门指南
@ -141,33 +193,22 @@ sudo apisix start
更进一步,你可以跟着文档来尝试更多的[插件](doc/zh-cn/README.md#插件)。
3. Admin API
Apache APISIX 提供了 [REST Admin API](doc/zh-cn/admin-api.md),方便动态控制 Apache APISIX 集群。
4. 插件二次开发
可以参考[插件开发指南](doc/zh-cn/plugin-develop.md),以及[示例插件 echo](doc/zh-cn/plugins/echo.md) 的文档和代码实现。
请注意Apache APISIX 的插件新增、更新、删除等都是热加载的,不用重启服务。
更多文档请参考 [Apache APISIX 文档索引](doc/zh-cn/README.md)。
## 控制台
APISIX 内置了对 Dashboard 的支持,使用步骤如下:
1. 确保你的运行环境中使用了最新的 Node.js 版本(>= 10
2. 下载 dashboard 子模块的源码:
```
git submodule update --init --recursive
```
3. 安装 [yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/zh-Hans/docs/install)
4. 安装依赖并构建
```
cd dashboard
yarn && yarn build:prod
```
5. 与 APISIX 集成
把编译后的在 `/dist` 目录下的所有文件,拷贝到 `apisix/dashboard` 目录下。
```
cp -r dist/* .
```
使用浏览器打开 `http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/dashboard/` 即可使用,
不用填写用户名和密码,直接登录。
APISIX 提供了 [Dashboard 项目](https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix-dashboard)
可以使用 docker compose 直接部署和体验。
Dashboard 默认只允许 127.0.0.1 访问。你可以自行修改 `conf/config.yaml` 中的 `allow_admin` 字段,指定允许访问 dashboard 的 IP 列表。
@ -175,9 +216,8 @@ Dashboard 默认只允许 127.0.0.1 访问。你可以自行修改 `conf/config.
使用 AWS 的 8 核心服务器来压测 APISIXQPS 可以达到 140000同时延时只有 0.2 毫秒。
## 文档
[性能测试脚本](benchmark/run.sh),以及[测试方法和过程](https://gist.github.com/membphis/137db97a4bf64d3653aa42f3e016bd01)已经开源,欢迎补充。
[Apache APISIX 文档索引](doc/zh-cn/README.md)
## Apache APISIX 和 Kong 的比较
@ -219,6 +259,7 @@ Dashboard 默认只允许 127.0.0.1 访问。你可以自行修改 `conf/config.
| 指定时间窗口的限速 | 是 | 否 |
| 支持任何 Nginx 变量做路由条件 | 是 | 否 |
性能对比测试[详细内容如下](https://gist.github.com/membphis/137db97a4bf64d3653aa42f3e016bd01)。
## 视频和文章
- 2020.1.17 [API 网关 Apache APISIX 和 Kong 的选型对比](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/c51apneVj0O9yxiZAHF34Q)

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@ -18,35 +18,27 @@
-->
# Install Dependencies
- [CentOS 6](#centos-6)
- [Install Dependencies](#install-dependencies)
- [Note](#note)
- [CentOS 7](#centos-7)
- [Fedora 31 & 32](#fedora-31--32)
- [Ubuntu 16.04 & 18.04](#ubuntu-1604--1804)
- [Debian 9 & 10](#debian-9--10)
- [Mac OSX](#mac-osx)
- [How to compile the OpenResty](#how-to-compile-the-openresty)
- [Note](#note)
CentOS 6
========
Note
====
- Apache APISIX currently only supports the v2 protocol storage to etcd, but the latest version of etcd (starting with 3.4) has turned off the v2 protocol by default.
You need to add `--enable-v2=true` to the startup parameter to enable the v2 protocol. The development of the v3 protocol supporting etcd has begun and will soon be available.
```shell
# add OpenResty source
sudo yum install yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://openresty.org/package/centos/openresty.repo
# install OpenResty, etcd and some compilation tools
sudo yum install -y openresty curl git gcc luarocks lua-devel make
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.13/etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz && \
cd etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64 && \
sudo cp -a etcd etcdctl /usr/bin/
# start etcd server
nohup etcd &
etcd --enable-v2=true &
```
- If you want use Tengine instead of OpenResty, please take a look at this installation step script [Install Tengine at Ubuntu](../.travis/linux_tengine_runner.sh).
CentOS 7
========
@ -138,18 +130,3 @@ brew install openresty/brew/openresty etcd luarocks curl git
# start etcd server with v2 protocol
etcd --enable-v2=true &
```
How to compile the OpenResty
============================
Compiling OpenResty from source is very complicated, it's not easy to make it clear. So we recommend that you refer to the official installation documentation.
http://openresty.org/en/linux-packages.html
Note
====
- Apache APISIX currently only supports the v2 protocol storage to etcd, but the latest version of etcd (starting with 3.4) has turned off the v2 protocol by default.
You need to add `--enable-v2=true` to the startup parameter to enable the v2 protocol. The development of the v3 protocol supporting etcd has begun and will soon be available.
- If you want use Tengine instead of OpenResty, please take a look at this installation step script [Install Tengine at Ubuntu](../.travis/linux_tengine_runner.sh).

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@ -18,35 +18,24 @@
-->
# 安装依赖
- [CentOS 6](#centos-6)
- [注意](#注意)
- [CentOS 7](#centos-7)
- [Fedora 31 & 32](#fedora-31--32)
- [Ubuntu 16.04 & 18.04](#ubuntu-1604--1804)
- [Debian 9 & 10](#debian-9--10)
- [Mac OSX](#mac-osx)
- [如何编译 Openresty](#如何编译-openresty)
- [注意](#注意)
CentOS 6
========
注意
====
- Apache APISIX 目前只支持 `v2` 版本的 etcd但是最新版的 etcd (从 3.4 起)已经默认关闭了 `v2` 版本的功能。所以你需要添加启动参数 `--enable-v2=true` 来开启 `v2` 的功能,目前对 `v3` etcd 的开发工作已经启动,不久后便可投入使用。
```shell
# 添加 OpenResty 源
sudo yum install yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://openresty.org/package/centos/openresty.repo
# 安装 OpenResty, etcd 和 编译工具
sudo yum install -y openresty curl git gcc luarocks lua-devel make
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.13/etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz && \
cd etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64 && \
sudo cp -a etcd etcdctl /usr/bin/
# 开启 etcd server
nohup etcd &
etcd --enable-v2=true &
```
- 如果你要想使用 Tengine 替代 OpenResty请参考 [Install Tengine at Ubuntu](../../.travis/linux_tengine_runner.sh)。
CentOS 7
========
@ -138,16 +127,3 @@ brew install openresty/brew/openresty etcd luarocks curl git
# 开启 etcd server 并启用 v2 的功能
etcd --enable-v2=true &
```
如何编译 Openresty
============================
编译 Openresty 是一件比较复杂的事情,没办法简单地说明白。所以我们推荐你直接参考官方的安装文档。
http://openresty.org/en/linux-packages.html
注意
====
- Apache APISIX 目前只支持 `v2` 版本的 etcd但是最新版的 etcd (从 3.4 起)已经默认关闭了 `v2` 版本的功能。所以你需要添加启动参数 `--enable-v2=true` 来开启 `v2` 的功能,目前对 `v3` etcd 的开发工作已经启动,不久后便可投入使用。
- 如果你要想使用 Tengine 替代 OpenResty请参考 [Install Tengine at Ubuntu](../../.travis/linux_tengine_runner.sh)。