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291 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
291 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: proxy-cache
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---
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<!--
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#
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# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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# limitations under the License.
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#
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-->
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代理缓存插件，该插件提供缓存后端响应数据的能力，它可以和其他插件一起使用。该插件支持基于磁盘的缓存，未来也会支持基于内存的缓存。目前可以根据响应码、请求 Method 来指定需要缓存的数据，另外也可以通过 no_cache 和 cache_bypass 配置更复杂的缓存策略。
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基于磁盘的缓存需要注意：
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1. 不能动态配置缓存的过期时间，只能通过后端服务响应头 Expires 或 Cache-Control 来设置过期时间，如果后端响应头中没有 Expires 或 Cache-Control，那么 APISIX 将默认只缓存10秒钟
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2. 如果后端服务不可用， APISIX 将返回502或504，那么502或504将被缓存10秒钟
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### 参数
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| 名称 | 类型 | 必选项 | 默认值 | 有效值 | 描述 |
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| ------------------ | -------------- | ------ | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| cache_zone | string | 可选 | disk_cache_one | | 指定使用哪个缓存区域，不同的缓存区域可以配置不同的路径，在 conf/config.yaml 文件中可以预定义使用的缓存区域。当不使用默认值时，指定的缓存区域与 conf/config.yaml 文件中预定义的缓存区域不一致，缓存无效。 |
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| cache_key | array[string] | 可选 | ["$host", "$request_uri"] | | 缓存key，可以使用变量。例如：["$host", "$uri", "-cache-id"] |
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| cache_bypass | array[string] | 可选 | | | 是否跳过缓存检索，即不在缓存中查找数据，可以使用变量，需要注意当此参数的值不为空或非'0'时将会跳过缓存的检索。例如：["$arg_bypass"] |
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| cache_method | array[string] | 可选 | ["GET", "HEAD"] | ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "PATCH", "HEAD","OPTIONS", "CONNECT", "TRACE"] | 根据请求method决定是否需要缓存 |
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| cache_http_status | array[integer] | 可选 | [200, 301, 404] | [200, 599] | 根据响应码决定是否需要缓存 |
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| hide_cache_headers | boolean | 可选 | false | | 是否将 Expires 和 Cache-Control 响应头返回给客户端 |
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| no_cache | array[string] | 可选 | | | 是否缓存数据，可以使用变量，需要注意当此参数的值不为空或非'0'时将不会缓存数据 |
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注：变量以$开头，也可以使用变量和字符串的结合，但是需要以数组的形式分开写，最终变量被解析后会和字符串拼接在一起。
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在 `conf/config.yaml` 文件中的配置示例:
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```yaml
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proxy_cache: # 代理缓存配置
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cache_ttl: 10s # 如果上游未指定缓存时间，则为默认缓存时间
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zones: # 缓存的参数
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- name: disk_cache_one # 缓存名称(缓存区域)，管理员可以通过admin api中的 cache_zone 字段指定要使用的缓存区域
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memory_size: 50m # 共享内存的大小，用于存储缓存索引
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disk_size: 1G # 磁盘大小，用于存储缓存数据
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disk_path: "/tmp/disk_cache_one" # 存储缓存数据的路径
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cache_levels: "1:2" # 缓存的层次结构级别
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```
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### 示例
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#### 启用插件
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示例一：cache_zone 参数默认为 `disk_cache_one`
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1、为特定路由启用 `proxy-cache` 插件：
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```shell
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curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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{
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"plugins": {
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"proxy-cache": {
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"cache_key": ["$uri", "-cache-id"],
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"cache_bypass": ["$arg_bypass"],
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"cache_method": ["GET"],
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"cache_http_status": [200],
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"hide_cache_headers": true,
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"no_cache": ["$arg_test"]
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}
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},
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"upstream": {
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"nodes": {
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"127.0.0.1:1999": 1
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},
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"type": "roundrobin"
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},
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"uri": "/hello"
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}'
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```
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测试：
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```shell
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -i
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Content-Type: application/octet-stream
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Content-Length: 6
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Connection: keep-alive
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Server: APISIX web server
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Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 10:45:36 GMT
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Last-Modified: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 10:36:38 GMT
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Apisix-Cache-Status: MISS
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hello
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```
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> http status 返回`200`并且响应头中包含 `Apisix-Cache-Status`，表示该插件已启用。
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2、验证数据是否被缓存，再次请求上边的地址：
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```shell
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -i
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Content-Type: application/octet-stream
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Content-Length: 6
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Connection: keep-alive
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Server: APISIX web server
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Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 11:14:46 GMT
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Last-Modified: Thu, 20 Feb 2020 14:21:41 GMT
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Apisix-Cache-Status: HIT
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hello
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```
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> 响应头 Apisix-Cache-Status 值变为了 HIT，说明数据已经被缓存
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示例二：自定义 cache_zone 参数为 `disk_cache_two`
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1、在 `conf/config.yaml` 文件中的指定缓存区域等信息:
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```yaml
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proxy_cache:
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cache_ttl: 10s
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zones:
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- name: disk_cache_two
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memory_size: 50m
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disk_size: 1G
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disk_path: "/tmp/disk_cache_one"
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cache_levels: "1:2"
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```
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2、为特定路由启用 `proxy-cache` 插件：
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```shell
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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{
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"plugins": {
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"proxy-cache": {
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"cache_zone": "disk_cache_two",
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"cache_key": ["$uri", "-cache-id"],
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"cache_bypass": ["$arg_bypass"],
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"cache_method": ["GET"],
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"cache_http_status": [200],
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"hide_cache_headers": true,
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"no_cache": ["$arg_test"]
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}
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},
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"upstream": {
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"nodes": {
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"127.0.0.1:1999": 1
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},
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"type": "roundrobin"
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},
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"uri": "/hello"
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}'
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```
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测试：
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```shell
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -i
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Content-Type: application/octet-stream
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Content-Length: 6
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Connection: keep-alive
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Server: APISIX web server
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Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 10:45:36 GMT
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Last-Modified: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 10:36:38 GMT
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Apisix-Cache-Status: MISS
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hello
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```
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> http status 返回`200`并且响应头中包含 `Apisix-Cache-Status`，表示该插件已启用。
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3、验证数据是否被缓存，再次请求上面的地址：
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```shell
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -i
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Content-Type: application/octet-stream
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Content-Length: 6
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Connection: keep-alive
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Server: APISIX web server
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Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 11:14:46 GMT
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Last-Modified: Thu, 20 Feb 2020 14:21:41 GMT
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Apisix-Cache-Status: HIT
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hello
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```
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> 响应头 `Apisix-Cache-Status` 值变为了 HIT，说明数据已经被缓存
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示例3：指定 cache_zone 为 `invalid_disk_cache` 与 `conf/config.yaml` 文件中指定的缓存区域 `disk_cache_one` 不一致。
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```shell
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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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{
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"plugins": {
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"proxy-cache": {
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"cache_zone": "invalid_disk_cache",
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"cache_key": ["$uri", "-cache-id"],
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"cache_bypass": ["$arg_bypass"],
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"cache_method": ["GET"],
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"cache_http_status": [200],
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"hide_cache_headers": true,
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"no_cache": ["$arg_test"]
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}
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},
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"upstream": {
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"nodes": {
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"127.0.0.1:1999": 1
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},
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"type": "roundrobin"
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},
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"uri": "/hello"
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}'
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```
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```json
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{"error_msg":"failed to check the configuration of plugin proxy-cache err: cache_zone invalid_disk_cache not found"}
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```
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响应错误信息，表示插件配置无效。
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#### 清除缓存数据
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如何清理缓存的数据，只需要指定请求的 method 为 PURGE。
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测试：
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```shell
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$ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -X PURGE
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 11:17:35 GMT
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Content-Type: text/plain
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Transfer-Encoding: chunked
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Connection: keep-alive
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Server: APISIX web server
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```
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> 响应码为200即表示删除成功，如果缓存的数据未找到将返回404。
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再次请求，缓存数据未找到返回404：
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```shell
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$ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -X PURGE
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HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
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Date: Wed, 18 Nov 2020 05:46:34 GMT
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Content-Type: text/plain
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Transfer-Encoding: chunked
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Connection: keep-alive
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Server: APISIX web server
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<html>
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<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
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<body>
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<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
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<hr><center>openresty</center>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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#### 禁用插件
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移除插件配置中相应的 JSON 配置可立即禁用该插件，无需重启服务：
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```shell
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curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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{
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"uri": "/hello",
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"plugins": {},
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"upstream": {
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"type": "roundrobin",
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"nodes": {
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"127.0.0.1:1999": 1
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}
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}
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}'
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```
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这时该插件已被禁用。
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