mirror of
https://gitee.com/iresty/apisix.git
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c87e3798ee
Co-authored-by: juzhiyuan <juzhiyuan@apache.org>
427 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
427 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: APISIX Lua 编码风格指南
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---
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<!--
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#
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# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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# limitations under the License.
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#
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-->
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## 缩进
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使用 4 个空格作为缩进的标记:
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```lua
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--No
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if a then
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ngx.say("hello")
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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if a then
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ngx.say("hello")
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end
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```
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你可以在使用的编辑器中把 tab 改为 4 个空格来简化操作。
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## 空格
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在操作符的两边,都需要用一个空格来做分隔:
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```lua
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--No
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local i=1
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local s = "apisix"
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local i = 1
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local s = "apisix"
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```
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## 空行
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不少开发者会在行尾增加一个分号:
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```lua
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--No
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if a then
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ngx.say("hello");
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end;
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```
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增加分号会让 Lua 代码显得非常丑陋,也是没有必要的。
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另外,不要为了显得“简洁”节省代码行数,而把多行代码变为一行。这样会在定位错误的时候不知道到底哪一段代码出了问题:
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```lua
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--No
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if a then ngx.say("hello") end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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if a then
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ngx.say("hello")
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end
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```
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函数之间需要用两个空行来做分隔:
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```lua
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--No
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local function foo()
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end
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local function bar()
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local function foo()
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end
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local function bar()
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end
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```
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如果有多个 if elseif 的分支,它们之间需要一个空行来做分隔:
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```lua
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--No
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if a == 1 then
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foo()
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elseif a== 2 then
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bar()
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elseif a == 3 then
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run()
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else
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error()
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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if a == 1 then
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foo()
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elseif a== 2 then
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bar()
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elseif a == 3 then
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run()
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else
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error()
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end
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```
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## 每行最大长度
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每行不能超过 80 个字符,超过的话,需要换行并对齐:
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```lua
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--No
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return limit_conn_new("plugin-limit-conn", conf.conn, conf.burst, conf.default_conn_delay)
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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return limit_conn_new("plugin-limit-conn", conf.conn, conf.burst,
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conf.default_conn_delay)
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```
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在换行对齐的时候,要体现出上下两行的对应关系。
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就上面示例而言,第二行函数的参数,要在第一行左括号的右边。
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如果是字符串拼接的对齐,需要把 `..` 放到下一行中:
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```lua
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--No
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return limit_conn_new("plugin-limit-conn" .. "plugin-limit-conn" ..
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"plugin-limit-conn")
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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return limit_conn_new("plugin-limit-conn" .. "plugin-limit-conn"
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.. "plugin-limit-conn")
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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return "param1", "plugin-limit-conn"
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.. "plugin-limit-conn")
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```
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## 变量
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应该永远使用局部变量,不要使用全局变量:
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```lua
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--No
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i = 1
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s = "apisix"
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local i = 1
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local s = "apisix"
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```
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变量命名使用 `snake_case`(蛇形命名法) 风格:
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```lua
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--No
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local IndexArr = 1
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local str_Name = "apisix"
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local index_arr = 1
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local str_name = "apisix"
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```
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对于常量要使用全部大写:
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```lua
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--No
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local max_int = 65535
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local server_name = "apisix"
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local MAX_INT = 65535
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local SERVER_NAME = "apisix"
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```
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## 表格/数组
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使用 `table.new` 来预先分配数组:
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```lua
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--No
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local t = {}
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for i = 1, 100 do
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t[i] = i
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local new_tab = require "table.new"
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local t = new_tab(100, 0)
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for i = 1, 100 do
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t[i] = i
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end
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```
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不要在数组中使用 `nil`:
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```lua
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--No
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local t = {1, 2, nil, 3}
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```
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如果一定要使用空值,请用 `ngx.null` 来表示:
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```lua
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--Yes
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local t = {1, 2, ngx.null, 3}
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```
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## 字符串
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不要在热代码路径上拼接字符串:
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```lua
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--No
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local s = ""
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for i = 1, 100000 do
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s = s .. "a"
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local new_tab = require "table.new"
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local t = new_tab(100, 0)
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for i = 1, 100000 do
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t[i] = "a"
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end
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local s = table.concat(t, "")
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```
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## 函数
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函数的命名也同样遵循 `snake_case`(蛇形命名法):
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```lua
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--No
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local function testNginx()
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local function test_nginx()
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end
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```
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函数应该尽可能早的返回:
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```lua
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--No
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local function check(age, name)
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local ret = true
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if age < 20 then
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ret = false
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end
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if name == "a" then
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ret = false
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end
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-- do something else
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return ret
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local function check(age, name)
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if age < 20 then
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return false
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end
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if name == "a" then
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return false
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end
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-- do something else
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return true
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end
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```
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## 模块
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所有 `require` 的库都要 `local` 化:
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```lua
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--No
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local function foo()
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local ok, err = ngx.timer.at(delay, handler)
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local timer_at = ngx.timer.at
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local function foo()
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local ok, err = timer_at(delay, handler)
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end
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```
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为了风格的统一,`require` 和 `ngx` 也需要 `local` 化:
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```lua
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--No
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local core = require("apisix.core")
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local timer_at = ngx.timer.at
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local function foo()
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local ok, err = timer_at(delay, handler)
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local ngx = ngx
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local require = require
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local core = require("apisix.core")
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local timer_at = ngx.timer.at
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local function foo()
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local ok, err = timer_at(delay, handler)
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end
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```
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## 错误处理
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对于有错误信息返回的函数,必须对错误信息进行判断和处理:
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```lua
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--No
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local sock = ngx.socket.tcp()
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local ok = sock:connect("www.google.com", 80)
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ngx.say("successfully connected to google!")
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local sock = ngx.socket.tcp()
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local ok, err = sock:connect("www.google.com", 80)
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if not ok then
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ngx.say("failed to connect to google: ", err)
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return
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end
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ngx.say("successfully connected to google!")
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```
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自己编写的函数,错误信息要作为第二个参数,用字符串的格式返回:
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```lua
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--No
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local function foo()
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local ok, err = func()
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if not ok then
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return false
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end
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return true
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end
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```
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```lua
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--No
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local function foo()
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local ok, err = func()
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if not ok then
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return false, {msg = err}
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end
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return true
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end
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```
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```lua
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--Yes
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local function foo()
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local ok, err = func()
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if not ok then
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return false, "failed to call func(): " .. err
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end
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return true
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end
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```
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