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202 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
202 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
<!--
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#
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# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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# limitations under the License.
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#
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-->
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- [English](../../plugins/limit-count.md)
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# 目录
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- [简介](#简介)
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- [参数](#参数)
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- [如何使用](#如何使用)
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- [测试插件](#测试插件)
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- [移除插件](#移除插件)
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## 简介
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和 [GitHub API 的限速](https://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting)类似，
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在指定的时间范围内，限制总的请求个数。并且在 HTTP 响应头中返回剩余可以请求的个数。
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## 参数
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| 名称 | 类型 | 必选项 | 默认值 | 有效值 | 描述 |
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| --------------- | -------- | ------------ | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| count | integer | 必须 | | [0,...] | 指定时间窗口内的请求数量阈值 |
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| time_window | integer | 必须 | | [0,...] | 时间窗口的大小（以秒为单位），超过这个时间就会重置 |
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| key | string | 必须 | | ["remote_addr", "server_addr", "http_x_real_ip", "http_x_forwarded_for", "consumer_name", "service_id"] | 用来做请求计数的有效值。<br>例如，可以使用主机名（或服务器区域）作为关键字，以便限制每个主机名规定时间内的请求次数。我们也可以使用客户端地址作为关键字，这样我们就可以避免单个客户端规定时间内多次的连接我们的服务。<br>当前接受的 key 有："remote_addr"（客户端IP地址）, "server_addr"（服务端 IP 地址）, 请求头中的"X-Forwarded-For" 或 "X-Real-IP", "consumer_name"（consumer 的 username）, "service_id" 。 |
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| rejected_code | integer | 可选 | 503 | [200,600] | 当请求超过阈值被拒绝时，返回的 HTTP 状态码 |
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| policy | string | 可选 | "local" | ["local", "redis", "redis-cluster"] | 用于检索和增加限制的速率限制策略。可选的值有：`local`(计数器被以内存方式保存在节点本地，默认选项) 和 `redis`(计数器保存在 Redis 服务节点上，从而可以跨节点共享结果，通常用它来完成全局限速)；以及`redis-cluster`，跟redis功能一样，只是使用redis集群方式。 |
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| redis_host | string | `redis` 必须 | | | 当使用 `redis` 限速策略时，该属性是 Redis 服务节点的地址。 |
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| redis_port | integer | 可选 | 6379 | [1,...] | 当使用 `redis` 限速策略时，该属性是 Redis 服务节点的端口 |
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| redis_password | string | 可选 | | | 当使用 `redis` 限速策略时，该属性是 Redis 服务节点的密码。 |
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| redis_timeout | integer | 可选 | 1000 | [1,...] | 当使用 `redis` 限速策略时，该属性是 Redis 服务节点以毫秒为单位的超时时间 |
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| redis_cluster_nodes | array | 可选 | | | 当使用 `redis-cluster` 限速策略时，该属性是 Redis 集群服务节点的地址列表。 |
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**key 是可以被用户自定义的，只需要修改插件的一行代码即可完成。并没有在插件中放开是处于安全的考虑。**
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## 如何使用
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### 开启插件
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下面是一个示例，在指定的 `route` 上开启了 `limit count` 插件:
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```shell
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curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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{
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"uri": "/index.html",
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"plugins": {
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"limit-count": {
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"count": 2,
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"time_window": 60,
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"rejected_code": 503,
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"key": "remote_addr"
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}
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},
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"upstream": {
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"type": "roundrobin",
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"nodes": {
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"39.97.63.215:80": 1
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}
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}
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}'
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```
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你可以使用浏览器打开 dashboard：`http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/dashboard/`，通过 web 界面来完成上面的操作，先增加一个 route：
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然后在 route 页面中添加 limit-count 插件：
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如果你需要一个集群级别的流量控制，我们可以借助 redis server 来完成。不同的 APISIX 节点之间将共享流量限速结果，实现集群流量限速。
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如果启用单 redis 策略，请看下面例子：
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```shell
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curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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{
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"uri": "/index.html",
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"plugins": {
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"limit-count": {
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"count": 2,
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"time_window": 60,
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"rejected_code": 503,
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"key": "remote_addr",
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"policy": "redis",
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"redis_host": "127.0.0.1",
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"redis_port": 6379,
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"redis_password": "password",
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"redis_timeout": 1001
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}
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},
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"upstream": {
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"type": "roundrobin",
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"nodes": {
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"39.97.63.215:80": 1
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}
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}
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}'
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```
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如果使用 `redis-cluster` 策略:
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```shell
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curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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{
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"uri": "/index.html",
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"plugins": {
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"limit-count": {
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"count": 2,
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"time_window": 60,
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"rejected_code": 503,
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"key": "remote_addr",
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"policy": "redis-cluster",
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"redis_cluster_nodes": [
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"127.0.0.1:5000",
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"127.0.0.1:5001"
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]
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}
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},
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"upstream": {
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"type": "roundrobin",
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"nodes": {
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"39.97.63.215:80": 1
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}
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}
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}'
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```
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## 测试插件
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上述配置限制了 60 秒内只能访问 2 次，前两次访问都会正常访问：
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```shell
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curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/index.html
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```
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响应头里面包含了 `X-RateLimit-Limit` 和 `X-RateLimit-Remaining`，他们的含义分别是限制的总请求数和剩余还可以发送的请求数：
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```shell
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Content-Type: text/html
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Content-Length: 13175
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Connection: keep-alive
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X-RateLimit-Limit: 2
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X-RateLimit-Remaining: 0
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Server: APISIX web server
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```
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当你第三次访问的时候，就会收到包含 503 返回码的响应头：
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```shell
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HTTP/1.1 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable
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Content-Type: text/html
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Content-Length: 194
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Connection: keep-alive
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Server: APISIX web server
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<html>
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<head><title>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</title></head>
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<body>
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<center><h1>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</h1></center>
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<hr><center>openresty</center>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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这就表示 `limit count` 插件生效了。
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## 移除插件
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当你想去掉 `limit count` 插件的时候，很简单，在插件的配置中把对应的 json 配置删除即可，无须重启服务，即刻生效：
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```shell
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curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
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{
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"methods": ["GET"],
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"uri": "/index.html",
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"upstream": {
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"type": "roundrobin",
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"nodes": {
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"39.97.63.215:80": 1
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}
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}
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}'
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```
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现在就已经移除了 `limit count` 插件了。其他插件的开启和移除也是同样的方法。
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