element/form.md at 2f2405a64aeb7f02e98cb3d1a2d31f3f976eba99

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Leopoldthecoder 2f2405a64a Changelog: add missing changes

2017-10-01 07:26:39 -05:00

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Form 表单

由输入框、选择器、单选框、多选框等控件组成，用以收集、校验、提交数据

典型表单

包括各种表单项，比如输入框、选择器、开关、单选框、多选框等。

::: demo 在 Form 组件中，每一个表单域由一个 Form-Item 组件构成，表单域中可以放置各种类型的表单控件，包括 Input、Select、Checkbox、Radio、Switch、DatePicker、TimePicker

<el-form ref="form" :model="form" label-width="80px">
  <el-form-item label="活动名称">
    <el-input v-model="form.name"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域">
    <el-select v-model="form.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
      <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
      <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
    </el-select>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动时间">
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="form.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
    </el-col>
    <el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-time-picker type="fixed-time" placeholder="选择时间" v-model="form.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
    </el-col>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="即时配送">
    <el-switch on-text="" off-text="" v-model="form.delivery"></el-switch>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动性质">
    <el-checkbox-group v-model="form.type">
      <el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>
    </el-checkbox-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="特殊资源">
    <el-radio-group v-model="form.resource">
      <el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
      <el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
    </el-radio-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动形式">
    <el-input type="textarea" v-model="form.desc"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">立即创建</el-button>
    <el-button>取消</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        form: {
          name: '',
          region: '',
          date1: '',
          date2: '',
          delivery: false,
          type: [],
          resource: '',
          desc: ''
        }
      }
    },
    methods: {
      onSubmit() {
        console.log('submit!');
      }
    }
  }
</script>

:::

行内表单

当垂直方向空间受限且表单较简单时，可以在一行内放置表单。

::: demo 设置 inline 属性可以让表单域变为行内的表单域

<el-form :inline="true" :model="formInline" class="demo-form-inline">
  <el-form-item label="审批人">
    <el-input v-model="formInline.user" placeholder="审批人"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域">
    <el-select v-model="formInline.region" placeholder="活动区域">
      <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
      <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
    </el-select>
  </el-form-item><el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">查询</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        formInline: {
          user: '',
          region: ''
        }
      }
    },
    methods: {
      onSubmit() {
        console.log('submit!');
      }
    }
  }
</script>

:::

对齐方式

根据具体目标和制约因素，选择最佳的标签对齐方式。

::: demo 通过设置 label-position 属性可以改变表单域标签的位置，可选值为 top、left，当设为 top 时标签会置于表单域的顶部

<el-radio-group v-model="labelPosition" size="small">
  <el-radio-button label="left">左对齐</el-radio-button>
  <el-radio-button label="right">右对齐</el-radio-button>
  <el-radio-button label="top">顶部对齐</el-radio-button>
</el-radio-group>
<div style="margin: 20px;"></div>
<el-form :label-position="labelPosition" label-width="80px" :model="formLabelAlign">
  <el-form-item label="名称">
    <el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.name"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域">
    <el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.region"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动形式">
    <el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.type"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        labelPosition: 'right',
        formLabelAlign: {
          name: '',
          region: '',
          type: ''
        }
      };
    }
  }
</script>

:::

表单验证

在防止用户犯错的前提下，尽可能让用户更早地发现并纠正错误。

::: demo Form 组件提供了表单验证的功能，只需要通过 rule 属性传入约定的验证规则，并 Form-Item 的 prop 属性设置为需校验的字段名即可。校验规则参见 async-validator

<el-form :model="ruleForm" :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
  <el-form-item label="活动名称" prop="name">
    <el-input v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域" prop="region">
    <el-select v-model="ruleForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
      <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
      <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
    </el-select>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动时间" required>
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-form-item prop="date1">
        <el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="ruleForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
      </el-form-item>
    </el-col>
    <el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-form-item prop="date2">
        <el-time-picker type="fixed-time" placeholder="选择时间" v-model="ruleForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
      </el-form-item>
    </el-col>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="即时配送" prop="delivery">
    <el-switch on-text="" off-text="" v-model="ruleForm.delivery"></el-switch>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动性质" prop="type">
    <el-checkbox-group v-model="ruleForm.type">
      <el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>
    </el-checkbox-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="特殊资源" prop="resource">
    <el-radio-group v-model="ruleForm.resource">
      <el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
      <el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
    </el-radio-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动形式" prop="desc">
    <el-input type="textarea" v-model="ruleForm.desc"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">立即创建</el-button>
    <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        ruleForm: {
          name: '',
          region: '',
          date1: '',
          date2: '',
          delivery: false,
          type: [],
          resource: '',
          desc: ''
        },
        rules: {
          name: [
            { required: true, message: '请输入活动名称', trigger: 'blur' },
            { min: 3, max: 5, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
          ],
          region: [
            { required: true, message: '请选择活动区域', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          date1: [
            { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择日期', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          date2: [
            { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择时间', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          type: [
            { type: 'array', required: true, message: '请至少选择一个活动性质', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          resource: [
            { required: true, message: '请选择活动资源', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          desc: [
            { required: true, message: '请填写活动形式', trigger: 'blur' }
          ]
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      }
    }
  }
</script>

:::

自定义校验规则

这个例子中展示了如何使用自定义验证规则来完成密码的二次验证。

::: demo 本例还使用status-icon属性为输入框添加了表示校验结果的反馈图标。

<el-form :model="ruleForm2" status-icon :rules="rules2" ref="ruleForm2" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
  <el-form-item label="密码" prop="pass">
    <el-input type="password" v-model="ruleForm2.pass" auto-complete="off"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="checkPass">
    <el-input type="password" v-model="ruleForm2.checkPass" auto-complete="off"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="年龄" prop="age">
    <el-input v-model.number="ruleForm2.age"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm2')">提交</el-button>
    <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm2')">重置</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      var checkAge = (rule, value, callback) => {
        if (!value) {
          return callback(new Error('年龄不能为空'));
        }
        setTimeout(() => {
          if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
            callback(new Error('请输入数字值'));
          } else {
            if (value < 18) {
              callback(new Error('必须年满18岁'));
            } else {
              callback();
            }
          }
        }, 1000);
      };
      var validatePass = (rule, value, callback) => {
        if (value === '') {
          callback(new Error('请输入密码'));
        } else {
          if (this.ruleForm2.checkPass !== '') {
            this.$refs.ruleForm2.validateField('checkPass');
          }
          callback();
        }
      };
      var validatePass2 = (rule, value, callback) => {
        if (value === '') {
          callback(new Error('请再次输入密码'));
        } else if (value !== this.ruleForm2.pass) {
          callback(new Error('两次输入密码不一致!'));
        } else {
          callback();
        }
      };
      return {
        ruleForm2: {
          pass: '',
          checkPass: '',
          age: ''
        },
        rules2: {
          pass: [
            { validator: validatePass, trigger: 'blur' }
          ],
          checkPass: [
            { validator: validatePass2, trigger: 'blur' }
          ],
          age: [
            { validator: checkAge, trigger: 'blur' }
          ]
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      }
    }
  }
</script>

:::

动态增减表单项

::: demo 除了在 Form 组件上一次性传递所有的验证规则外还可以在单个的表单域上传递属性的验证规则

<el-form :model="dynamicValidateForm" ref="dynamicValidateForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-dynamic">
  <el-form-item
    prop="email"
    label="邮箱"
    :rules="[
      { required: true, message: '请输入邮箱地址', trigger: 'blur' },
      { type: 'email', message: '请输入正确的邮箱地址', trigger: 'blur,change' }
    ]"
  >
    <el-input v-model="dynamicValidateForm.email"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item
    v-for="(domain, index) in dynamicValidateForm.domains"
    :label="'域名' + index"
    :key="domain.key"
    :prop="'domains.' + index + '.value'"
    :rules="{
      required: true, message: '域名不能为空', trigger: 'blur'
    }"
  >
    <el-input v-model="domain.value"></el-input><el-button @click.prevent="removeDomain(domain)">删除</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('dynamicValidateForm')">提交</el-button>
    <el-button @click="addDomain">新增域名</el-button>
    <el-button @click="resetForm('dynamicValidateForm')">重置</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        dynamicValidateForm: {
          domains: [{
            value: ''
          }],
          email: ''
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      },
      removeDomain(item) {
        var index = this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.indexOf(item)
        if (index !== -1) {
          this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.splice(index, 1)
        }
      },
      addDomain() {
        this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.push({
          value: '',
          key: Date.now()
        });
      }
    }
  }
</script>

:::

数字类型验证

::: demo 数字类型的验证需要在 v-model 处加上 .number 的修饰符，这是 Vue 自身提供的用于将绑定值转化为 number 类型的修饰符。

<el-form :model="numberValidateForm" ref="numberValidateForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
  <el-form-item
    label="年龄"
    prop="age"
    :rules="[
      { required: true, message: '年龄不能为空'},
      { type: 'number', message: '年龄必须为数字值'}
    ]"
  >
    <el-input type="age" v-model.number="numberValidateForm.age" auto-complete="off"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('numberValidateForm')">提交</el-button>
    <el-button @click="resetForm('numberValidateForm')">重置</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        numberValidateForm: {
          age: ''
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      }
    }
  }
</script>

:::

:::tip 嵌套在 el-form-item 中的 el-form-item 标签宽度默认为零，不会继承 el-form 的 label-width。如果需要可以为其单独设置 label-width 属性。 :::

Form Attributes

参数	说明	类型	可选值	默认值
model	表单数据对象	object	—	—
rules	表单验证规则	object	—	—
inline	行内表单模式	boolean	—	false
label-position	表单域标签的位置	string	right/left/top	right
label-width	表单域标签的宽度，作为 Form 直接子元素的 form-item 会继承该值	string	—	—
label-suffix	表单域标签的后缀	string	—	—
show-message	是否显示校验错误信息	boolean	—	true
inline-message	是否以行内形式展示校验信息	boolean	—	false
status-icon	是否在输入框中显示校验结果反馈图标	boolean	—	false

Form Methods

方法名	说明	参数
validate	对整个表单进行校验的方法	Function(callback: Function(boolean))
validateField	对部分表单字段进行校验的方法	Function(prop: string, callback: Function(errorMessage: string))
resetFields	对整个表单进行重置，将所有字段值重置为初始值并移除校验结果	-

Form-Item Attributes

参数	说明	类型	可选值	默认值
prop	表单域 model 字段，在使用 validate、resetFields 方法的情况下，该属性是必填的	string	传入 Form 组件的 `model` 中的字段	—
label	标签文本	string	—	—
label-width	表单域标签的的宽度，例如 '50px'	string	—	—
required	是否必填，如不设置，则会根据校验规则自动生成	bolean	—	false
rules	表单验证规则	object	—	—
error	表单域验证错误信息, 设置该值会使表单验证状态变为`error`，并显示该错误信息	string	—	—
show-message	是否显示校验错误信息	boolean	—	true
inline-message	以行内形式展示校验信息	boolean	—	false

Form-Item Slot

name	说明
—	Form Item 的内容
label	标签文本的内容

Form-Item Methods

方法名	说明	参数
resetField	对该表单项进行重置，将其值重置为初始值并移除校验结果	-

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