g6/packages/site/docs/manual/tutorial/layout.zh.md
2023-09-06 14:10:29 +08:00

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---
title: 使用图布局 Layout
order: 3
---
当数据中没有节点位置信息或者数据中的位置信息不满足需求时需要借助一些布局算法对图进行布局。G6 提供了 9 种一般图的布局和 4 种树图的布局。在 v4 中它们需要分别使用的图结构数据和树图结构数据中。v5 将树图和图进行了融合,现在不论是树图还是图,都可以使用如下布局算法:
<br />**一般图:**
- Random Layout随机布局
- **Force Layout经典力导向布局**
> 力导向布局:一个布局网络中,粒子与粒子之间具有引力和斥力,从初始的随机无序的布局不断演变,逐渐趋于平衡稳定的布局方式称之为力导向布局。适用于描述事物间关系,比如人物关系、计算机网络关系等。
- Circular Layout环形布局
- Radial Layout辐射状布局
- MDS Layout高维数据降维算法布局
- Fruchterman LayoutFruchterman 布局,一种力导布局;
- Dagre Layout层次布局
- Concentric Layout同心圆布局将重要默认以度数为度量的节点放置在布局中心
- Grid Layout格子布局将节点有序默认是数据顺序排列在格子上。
**树图布局:**
- Dendrogram Layout树状布局叶子节点布局对齐到同一层
- CompactBox Layout紧凑树布局
- Mindmap Layout脑图布局
- Indented Layout缩进布局。
各种布局方法的具体介绍及其配置参见 [Layout API](https://g6-next.antv.antgroup.com/apis/interfaces/layout/force-layout-options)。本教程中,我们使用的是力导向布局 (Force Layout)。
<img src='https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/huamei_qa8qxu/afts/img/A*lJdeTI0qQa8AAAAAAAAAAAAADmJ7AQ/original' width=550 alt='img' />
## 默认布局
当实例化图时没有配置布局时:
- 若数据中节点有位置信息(`x` 和 `y`),则按照数据的位置信息进行绘制;
- 若数据中节点没有位置信息,则默认使用 Grid Layout 进行布局。
## 配置布局
G6 使用布局的方式非常简单,在图实例化的时候,加上 layout 配置即可。下面代码在实例化图时设置了布局方法为 `type: 'force'`,即力导向图布局。同时开启了 `animated: true` 使得在力计算过程中实时渲染图,让用户可以观察到图上节点力相互作用产生的动画效果。并设置了参数 `preventOverlap: true` ,表示希望节点不重叠。力导向布局的更多配置项参见:[Layout API](https://g6-next.antv.antgroup.com/apis/interfaces/layout/force-layout-options)。
```javascript
const graph = new Graph({
// ... // 其他配置项
// Object可选布局的方法及其配置项默认为 grid 布局。
layout: {
type: 'force', // 指定为力导向布局
preventOverlap: true, // 防止节点重叠
linkDistance: 50, // 边的理想长度
// nodeSize: 30 // 节点大小,用于算法中防止节点重叠时的碰撞检测。默认将使用数据中的节点大小。
},
});
```
结果如下:
<img src='https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/huamei_qa8qxu/afts/img/A*lJdeTI0qQa8AAAAAAAAAAAAADmJ7AQ/original' width=350 alt='img' />
> 不同布局之间、相同布局不同参数允许动态切换和过渡,具体参见:[布局切换](https://g6-next.antv.antgroup.com/examples/net/layoutMechanism/#layoutTranslate)。
提示:若图配置中有 data则在实例化图后进行布局计算。若使用  `graph.read(data)` API 进行数据读取,则将在调用时执行计算。
## 完整代码
至此,完整代码如下:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Tutorial Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container"></div>
<script src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/os/lib/antv/g6/5.0.0-beta.4/dist/g6.min.js"></script>
<script>
const { Graph: GraphBase, extend, Extensions } = G6;
// 自定义数据处理器 - 度数计算
const degreeCalculator = (data, options, userGraphCore) => {
const { edges, nodes } = data;
const degreeMap = new Map();
edges.forEach(({ source, target }) => {
degreeMap.set(source, (degreeMap.get(source) || 0) + 1);
degreeMap.set(target, (degreeMap.get(target) || 0) + 1);
});
nodes.forEach((node) => {
node.data.degree = degreeMap.get(node.id) || 0;
});
return data;
};
// 自定义数据处理器 - 节点聚类
const clusteringNodes = (data, options = {}, userGraphCore) => {
if (!Algorithm?.labelPropagation) return;
const clusteredData = Algorithm.louvain(data, false);
const clusterMap = new Map();
clusteredData.clusters.forEach((cluster, i) => {
cluster.nodes.forEach((node) => {
clusterMap.set(node.id, `c${i}`);
});
});
data.nodes.forEach((node) => {
node.data.cluster = clusterMap.get(node.id);
});
return data;
};
const Graph = extend(BaseGraph, {
transforms: {
'degree-calculator': degreeCalculator,
'node-clustering': clusteringNodes,
},
nodes: {
'triangle-node': Extensions.TriangleNode,
},
});
const graph = new Graph({
container: 'container',
width: 1000,
height: 1000,
transforms: [
'transform-v4-data',
'degree-calculator',
'node-clustering',
{
type: 'map-node-size',
field: 'degree',
range: [16, 60],
},
],
layout: {
type: 'force',
animated: true,
linkDistance: 50,
},
theme: {
type: 'spec',
base: 'light',
specification: {
node: {
dataTypeField: 'cluster',
},
},
},
node: (model) => {
const { id, data } = model;
let type = 'circle-node';
if (data.degree === 2) type = 'rect-node';
else if (data.degree === 1) type = 'triangle-node';
const badgeShapes = {
fontSize: 12,
lod: 0,
};
if (data.degree > 10) {
badgeShapes[0] = {
color: '#F86254',
text: 'Important',
position: 'rightTop',
};
}
if (data.degree > 5) {
badgeShapes[1] = {
text: 'A',
textAlign: 'center',
color: '#EDB74B',
position: 'right',
};
}
return {
id,
data: {
...data,
type,
labelShape: {
position: 'bottom',
text: id,
},
labelBackgroundShape: {},
iconShape:
data.degree <= 2
? undefined
: {
img: 'https://gw.alipayobjects.com/zos/basement_prod/012bcf4f-423b-4922-8c24-32a89f8c41ce.svg',
fill: '#fff',
lod: 0,
fontSize: data.keyShape.r - 4,
},
badgeShapes,
animates: {
update: [
{
fields: ['opacity'],
shapeId: 'haloShape',
states: ['selected', 'active'],
},
{
fields: ['lineWidth'],
shapeId: 'keyShape',
states: ['selected', 'active'],
},
],
},
},
};
},
edge: {
animates: {
update: [
{
fields: ['opacity'],
shapeId: 'haloShape',
states: ['selected', 'active'],
},
{
fields: ['lineWidth'],
shapeId: 'keyShape',
states: ['selected', 'active'],
},
],
},
},
});
const main = async () => {
const response = await fetch(
'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antvis/G6/v5/packages/g6/tests/datasets/force-data.json',
);
const remoteData = await response.json();
graph.read(remoteData);
};
main();
</script>
</body>
</html>
```
**⚠️ 注意:** <br /> 若需更换数据,请替换  `'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antvis/G6/v5/packages/g6/tests/datasets/force-data.json'`  为新的数据文件地址。