mirror of
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477 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
477 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 自動化測試
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在 Hyperf 裡測試預設通過 `phpunit` 來實現，但由於 Hyperf 是一個協程框架，所以預設的 `phpunit` 並不能很好的工作，因此我們提供了一個 `co-phpunit` 指令碼來進行適配，您可直接呼叫指令碼或者使用對應的 composer 命令來執行。自動化測試沒有特定的元件，但是在 Hyperf 提供的骨架包裡都會有對應實現。
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```
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composer require hyperf/testing
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```
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```json
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"scripts": {
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"test": "co-phpunit -c phpunit.xml --colors=always"
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},
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```
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## Bootstrap
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Hyperf 提供了預設的 `bootstrap.php` 檔案，它讓使用者在執行單元測試時，掃描並載入對應的庫到記憶體裡。
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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error_reporting(E_ALL);
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date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Shanghai');
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! defined('BASE_PATH') && define('BASE_PATH', dirname(__DIR__, 1));
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! defined('SWOOLE_HOOK_FLAGS') && define('SWOOLE_HOOK_FLAGS', SWOOLE_HOOK_ALL);
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Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine(true);
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require BASE_PATH . '/vendor/autoload.php';
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Hyperf\Di\ClassLoader::init();
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$container = require BASE_PATH . '/config/container.php';
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$container->get(Hyperf\Contract\ApplicationInterface::class);
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```
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執行單元測試
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```
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composer test
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```
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## 模擬 HTTP 請求
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在開發介面時，我們通常需要一段自動化測試指令碼來保證我們提供的介面按預期在執行，Hyperf 框架下提供了 `Hyperf\Testing\Client` 類，可以讓您在不啟動 Server 的情況下，模擬 HTTP 服務的請求：
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```php
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<?php
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use Hyperf\Testing\Client;
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$client = make(Client::class);
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$result = $client->get('/');
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```
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因為 Hyperf 支援多埠配置，除了驗證預設的埠介面外，如果驗證其他埠的介面呢？
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```php
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<?php
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use Hyperf\Testing\Client;
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$client = make(Client::class, ['server' => 'adminHttp']);
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$result = $client->json('/user/0',[
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'nickname' => 'Hyperf'
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]);
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```
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預設情況下，框架使用 `JsonPacker`，會直接解析 `Body` 為 `array`，如果您直接返回 `string`，則需要設定對應 `Packer`
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```php
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<?php
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use Hyperf\Testing\Client;
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use Hyperf\Contract\PackerInterface;
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$client = make(Client::class, [
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'packer' => new class() implements PackerInterface {
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public function pack($data): string
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{
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return $data;
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}
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public function unpack(string $data)
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{
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return $data;
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}
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},
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]);
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$result = $client->json('/user/0',[
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'nickname' => 'Hyperf'
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]);
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```
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## 示例
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讓我們寫個小 DEMO 來測試一下。
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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namespace HyperfTest\Cases;
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use Hyperf\Testing\Client;
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use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
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/**
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* @internal
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* @coversNothing
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*/
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class ExampleTest extends TestCase
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{
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/**
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* @var Client
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*/
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protected $client;
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public function __construct($name = null, array $data = [], $dataName = '')
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{
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parent::__construct($name, $data, $dataName);
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$this->client = make(Client::class);
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}
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public function testExample()
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{
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$this->assertTrue(true);
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$res = $this->client->get('/');
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$this->assertSame(0, $res['code']);
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$this->assertSame('Hello Hyperf.', $res['data']['message']);
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$this->assertSame('GET', $res['data']['method']);
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$this->assertSame('Hyperf', $res['data']['user']);
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$res = $this->client->get('/', ['user' => 'developer']);
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$this->assertSame(0, $res['code']);
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$this->assertSame('developer', $res['data']['user']);
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$res = $this->client->post('/', [
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'user' => 'developer',
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]);
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$this->assertSame('Hello Hyperf.', $res['data']['message']);
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$this->assertSame('POST', $res['data']['method']);
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$this->assertSame('developer', $res['data']['user']);
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$res = $this->client->json('/', [
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'user' => 'developer',
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]);
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$this->assertSame('Hello Hyperf.', $res['data']['message']);
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$this->assertSame('POST', $res['data']['method']);
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$this->assertSame('developer', $res['data']['user']);
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$res = $this->client->file('/', ['name' => 'file', 'file' => BASE_PATH . '/README.md']);
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$this->assertSame('Hello Hyperf.', $res['data']['message']);
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$this->assertSame('POST', $res['data']['method']);
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$this->assertSame('README.md', $res['data']['file']);
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}
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}
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```
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## 除錯程式碼
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在 FPM 場景下，我們通常改完程式碼，然後開啟瀏覽器訪問對應介面，所以我們通常會需要兩個函式 `dd` 和 `dump`，但 `Hyperf` 跑在 `CLI` 模式下，就算提供了這兩個函式，也需要在 `CLI` 中重啟 `Server`，然後再到瀏覽器中呼叫對應介面檢視結果。這樣其實並沒有簡化流程，反而更麻煩了。
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接下來，我來介紹如何通過配合 `testing`，來快速除錯程式碼，順便完成單元測試。
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假設我們在 `UserDao` 中實現了一個查詢使用者資訊的函式
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```php
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namespace App\Service\Dao;
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use App\Constants\ErrorCode;
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use App\Exception\BusinessException;
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use App\Model\User;
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class UserDao extends Dao
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{
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/**
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* @param $id
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* @param bool $throw
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* @return
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*/
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public function first($id, $throw = true)
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{
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$model = User::query()->find($id);
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if ($throw && empty($model)) {
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throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode::USRE_NOT_EXIST);
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}
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return $model;
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}
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}
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```
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那我們編寫對應的單元測試
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```php
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namespace HyperfTest\Cases;
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use HyperfTest\HttpTestCase;
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use App\Service\Dao\UserDao;
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/**
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* @internal
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* @coversNothing
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*/
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class UserTest extends HttpTestCase
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{
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public function testUserDaoFirst()
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{
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$model = \Hyperf\Utils\ApplicationContext::getContainer()->get(UserDao::class)->first(1);
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var_dump($model);
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$this->assertSame(1, $model->id);
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}
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}
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```
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然後執行我們的單測
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```
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composer test -- --filter=testUserDaoFirst
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```
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## 測試替身
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`Gerard Meszaros` 在 `Meszaros2007` 中介紹了測試替身的概念：
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有時候對 `被測系統(SUT)` 進行測試是很困難的，因為它依賴於其他無法在測試環境中使用的元件。這有可能是因為這些元件不可用，它們不會返回測試所需要的結果，或者執行它們會有不良副作用。在其他情況下，我們的測試策略要求對被測系統的內部行為有更多控制或更多可見性。
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如果在編寫測試時無法使用（或選擇不使用）實際的依賴元件(DOC)，可以用測試替身來代替。測試替身不需要和真正的依賴元件有完全一樣的的行為方式；他只需要提供和真正的元件同樣的 API 即可，這樣被測系統就會以為它是真正的元件！
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下面展示分別通過建構函式注入依賴、通過 `@Inject` 註釋注入依賴的測試替身
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### 建構函式注入依賴的測試替身
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```php
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<?php
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namespace App\Logic;
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use App\Api\DemoApi;
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class DemoLogic
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{
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/**
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* @var DemoApi $demoApi
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*/
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private $demoApi;
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public function __construct(DemoApi $demoApi)
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{
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$this->demoApi = $demoApi;
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}
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public function test()
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{
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$result = $this->demoApi->test();
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return $result;
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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<?php
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namespace App\Api;
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class DemoApi
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{
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public function test()
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{
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return [
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'status' => 1
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];
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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<?php
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namespace HyperfTest\Cases;
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use App\Api\DemoApi;
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use App\Logic\DemoLogic;
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use Hyperf\Di\Container;
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use HyperfTest\HttpTestCase;
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use Mockery;
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class DemoLogicTest extends HttpTestCase
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{
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public function tearDown(): void
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{
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Mockery::close();
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}
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public function testIndex()
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{
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$res = $this->getContainer()->get(DemoLogic::class)->test();
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$this->assertEquals(1, $res['status']);
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}
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/**
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* @return Container
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*/
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protected function getContainer()
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{
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$container = Mockery::mock(Container::class);
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$apiStub = $this->createMock(DemoApi::class);
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$apiStub->method('test')->willReturn([
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'status' => 1,
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]);
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$container->shouldReceive('get')->with(DemoLogic::class)->andReturn(new DemoLogic($apiStub));
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return $container;
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}
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}
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```
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### 通過 Inject 註釋注入依賴的測試替身
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```php
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<?php
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namespace App\Logic;
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use App\Api\DemoApi;
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use Hyperf\Di\Annotation\Inject;
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class DemoLogic
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{
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/**
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* @var DemoApi $demoApi
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* @Inject()
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*/
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private $demoApi;
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public function test()
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{
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$result = $this->demoApi->test();
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return $result;
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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<?php
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namespace App\Api;
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class DemoApi
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{
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public function test()
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{
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return [
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'status' => 1
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];
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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<?php
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namespace HyperfTest\Cases;
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use App\Api\DemoApi;
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use App\Logic\DemoLogic;
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use Hyperf\Di\Container;
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use Hyperf\Utils\ApplicationContext;
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use HyperfTest\HttpTestCase;
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use Mockery;
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class DemoLogicTest extends HttpTestCase
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{
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/**
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* @after
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*/
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public function tearDownAfterMethod()
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{
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Mockery::close();
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}
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public function testIndex()
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{
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$this->getContainer();
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$res = $this->getContainer()->get(DemoLogic::class)->test();
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$this->assertEquals(11, $res['status']);
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}
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/**
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* @return Container
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*/
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protected function getContainer()
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{
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$container = ApplicationContext::getContainer();
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$apiStub = $this->createMock(DemoApi::class);
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$apiStub->method('test')->willReturn([
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'status' => 11
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]);
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$container->getDefinitionSource()->addDefinition(DemoApi::class, function () use ($apiStub) {
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return $apiStub;
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});
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return $container;
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}
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}
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```
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# 單元測試覆蓋率
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## 使用 phpdbg 生成單元測試覆蓋率
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修改 `phpunit.xml` 檔案內容為如下
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<phpunit backupGlobals="false"
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backupStaticAttributes="false"
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bootstrap="./test/bootstrap.php"
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colors="true"
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convertErrorsToExceptions="true"
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convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
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convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
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processIsolation="false"
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stopOnFailure="false">
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<testsuites>
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<testsuite name="Tests">
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<directory suffix="Test.php">./test</directory>
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</testsuite>
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</testsuites>
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<filter>
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// 需要生成單元測試覆蓋率的檔案
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<whitelist processUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist="false">
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<directory suffix=".php">./app</directory>
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</whitelist>
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</filter>
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<logging>
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<log type="coverage-html" target="cover/"/>
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</logging>
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</phpunit>
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```
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執行以下命令
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```shell
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phpdbg -dmemory_limit=1024M -qrr ./vendor/bin/co-phpunit -c phpunit.xml --colors=always
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```
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