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477 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
477 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 自动化测试
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在 Hyperf 里测试默认通过 `phpunit` 来实现，但由于 Hyperf 是一个协程框架，所以默认的 `phpunit` 并不能很好的工作，因此我们提供了一个 `co-phpunit` 脚本来进行适配，您可直接调用脚本或者使用对应的 composer 命令来运行。自动化测试没有特定的组件，但是在 Hyperf 提供的骨架包里都会有对应实现。
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```
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composer require hyperf/testing
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```
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```json
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"scripts": {
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"test": "co-phpunit -c phpunit.xml --colors=always"
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},
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```
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## Bootstrap
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Hyperf 提供了默认的 `bootstrap.php` 文件，它让用户在运行单元测试时，扫描并加载对应的库到内存里。
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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error_reporting(E_ALL);
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date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Shanghai');
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! defined('BASE_PATH') && define('BASE_PATH', dirname(__DIR__, 1));
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! defined('SWOOLE_HOOK_FLAGS') && define('SWOOLE_HOOK_FLAGS', SWOOLE_HOOK_ALL);
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Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine(true);
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require BASE_PATH . '/vendor/autoload.php';
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Hyperf\Di\ClassLoader::init();
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$container = require BASE_PATH . '/config/container.php';
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$container->get(Hyperf\Contract\ApplicationInterface::class);
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```
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运行单元测试
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```
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composer test
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```
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## 模拟 HTTP 请求
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在开发接口时，我们通常需要一段自动化测试脚本来保证我们提供的接口按预期在运行，Hyperf 框架下提供了 `Hyperf\Testing\Client` 类，可以让您在不启动 Server 的情况下，模拟 HTTP 服务的请求：
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```php
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<?php
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use Hyperf\Testing\Client;
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$client = make(Client::class);
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$result = $client->get('/');
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```
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因为 Hyperf 支持多端口配置，除了验证默认的端口接口外，如果验证其他端口的接口呢？
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```php
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<?php
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use Hyperf\Testing\Client;
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$client = make(Client::class, ['server' => 'adminHttp']);
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$result = $client->json('/user/0',[
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'nickname' => 'Hyperf'
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]);
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```
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默认情况下，框架使用 `JsonPacker`，会直接解析 `Body` 为 `array`，如果您直接返回 `string`，则需要设置对应 `Packer`
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```php
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<?php
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use Hyperf\Testing\Client;
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use Hyperf\Contract\PackerInterface;
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$client = make(Client::class, [
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'packer' => new class() implements PackerInterface {
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public function pack($data): string
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{
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return $data;
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}
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public function unpack(string $data)
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{
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return $data;
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}
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},
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]);
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$result = $client->json('/user/0',[
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'nickname' => 'Hyperf'
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]);
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```
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## 示例
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让我们写个小 DEMO 来测试一下。
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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namespace HyperfTest\Cases;
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use Hyperf\Testing\Client;
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use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
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/**
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* @internal
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* @coversNothing
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*/
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class ExampleTest extends TestCase
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{
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/**
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* @var Client
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*/
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protected $client;
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public function __construct($name = null, array $data = [], $dataName = '')
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{
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parent::__construct($name, $data, $dataName);
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$this->client = make(Client::class);
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}
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public function testExample()
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{
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$this->assertTrue(true);
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$res = $this->client->get('/');
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$this->assertSame(0, $res['code']);
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$this->assertSame('Hello Hyperf.', $res['data']['message']);
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$this->assertSame('GET', $res['data']['method']);
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$this->assertSame('Hyperf', $res['data']['user']);
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$res = $this->client->get('/', ['user' => 'developer']);
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$this->assertSame(0, $res['code']);
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$this->assertSame('developer', $res['data']['user']);
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$res = $this->client->post('/', [
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'user' => 'developer',
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]);
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$this->assertSame('Hello Hyperf.', $res['data']['message']);
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$this->assertSame('POST', $res['data']['method']);
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$this->assertSame('developer', $res['data']['user']);
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$res = $this->client->json('/', [
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'user' => 'developer',
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]);
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$this->assertSame('Hello Hyperf.', $res['data']['message']);
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$this->assertSame('POST', $res['data']['method']);
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$this->assertSame('developer', $res['data']['user']);
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$res = $this->client->file('/', ['name' => 'file', 'file' => BASE_PATH . '/README.md']);
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$this->assertSame('Hello Hyperf.', $res['data']['message']);
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$this->assertSame('POST', $res['data']['method']);
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$this->assertSame('README.md', $res['data']['file']);
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}
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}
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```
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## 调试代码
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在 FPM 场景下，我们通常改完代码，然后打开浏览器访问对应接口，所以我们通常会需要两个函数 `dd` 和 `dump`，但 `Hyperf` 跑在 `CLI` 模式下，就算提供了这两个函数，也需要在 `CLI` 中重启 `Server`，然后再到浏览器中调用对应接口查看结果。这样其实并没有简化流程，反而更麻烦了。
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接下来，我来介绍如何通过配合 `testing`，来快速调试代码，顺便完成单元测试。
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假设我们在 `UserDao` 中实现了一个查询用户信息的函数
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```php
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namespace App\Service\Dao;
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use App\Constants\ErrorCode;
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use App\Exception\BusinessException;
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use App\Model\User;
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class UserDao extends Dao
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{
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/**
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* @param $id
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* @param bool $throw
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* @return
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*/
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public function first($id, $throw = true)
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{
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$model = User::query()->find($id);
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if ($throw && empty($model)) {
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throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode::USRE_NOT_EXIST);
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}
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return $model;
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}
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}
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```
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那我们编写对应的单元测试
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```php
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namespace HyperfTest\Cases;
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use HyperfTest\HttpTestCase;
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use App\Service\Dao\UserDao;
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/**
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* @internal
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* @coversNothing
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*/
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class UserTest extends HttpTestCase
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{
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public function testUserDaoFirst()
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{
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$model = \Hyperf\Utils\ApplicationContext::getContainer()->get(UserDao::class)->first(1);
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var_dump($model);
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$this->assertSame(1, $model->id);
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}
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}
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```
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然后执行我们的单测
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```
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composer test -- --filter=testUserDaoFirst
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```
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## 测试替身
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`Gerard Meszaros` 在 `Meszaros2007` 中介绍了测试替身的概念：
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有时候对 `被测系统(SUT)` 进行测试是很困难的，因为它依赖于其他无法在测试环境中使用的组件。这有可能是因为这些组件不可用，它们不会返回测试所需要的结果，或者执行它们会有不良副作用。在其他情况下，我们的测试策略要求对被测系统的内部行为有更多控制或更多可见性。
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如果在编写测试时无法使用（或选择不使用）实际的依赖组件(DOC)，可以用测试替身来代替。测试替身不需要和真正的依赖组件有完全一样的的行为方式；他只需要提供和真正的组件同样的 API 即可，这样被测系统就会以为它是真正的组件！
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下面展示分别通过构造函数注入依赖、通过 `@Inject` 注释注入依赖的测试替身
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### 构造函数注入依赖的测试替身
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```php
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<?php
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namespace App\Logic;
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use App\Api\DemoApi;
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class DemoLogic
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{
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/**
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* @var DemoApi $demoApi
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*/
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private $demoApi;
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public function __construct(DemoApi $demoApi)
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{
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$this->demoApi = $demoApi;
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}
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public function test()
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{
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$result = $this->demoApi->test();
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return $result;
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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<?php
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namespace App\Api;
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class DemoApi
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{
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public function test()
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{
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return [
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'status' => 1
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];
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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<?php
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namespace HyperfTest\Cases;
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use App\Api\DemoApi;
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use App\Logic\DemoLogic;
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use Hyperf\Di\Container;
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use HyperfTest\HttpTestCase;
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use Mockery;
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class DemoLogicTest extends HttpTestCase
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{
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public function tearDown(): void
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{
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Mockery::close();
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}
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public function testIndex()
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{
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$res = $this->getContainer()->get(DemoLogic::class)->test();
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$this->assertEquals(1, $res['status']);
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}
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/**
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* @return Container
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*/
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protected function getContainer()
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{
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$container = Mockery::mock(Container::class);
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$apiStub = $this->createMock(DemoApi::class);
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$apiStub->method('test')->willReturn([
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'status' => 1,
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]);
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$container->shouldReceive('get')->with(DemoLogic::class)->andReturn(new DemoLogic($apiStub));
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return $container;
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}
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}
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```
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### 通过 Inject 注释注入依赖的测试替身
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```php
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<?php
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namespace App\Logic;
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use App\Api\DemoApi;
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use Hyperf\Di\Annotation\Inject;
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class DemoLogic
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{
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/**
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* @var DemoApi $demoApi
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* @Inject()
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*/
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private $demoApi;
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public function test()
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{
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$result = $this->demoApi->test();
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return $result;
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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<?php
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namespace App\Api;
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class DemoApi
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{
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public function test()
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{
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return [
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'status' => 1
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];
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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<?php
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namespace HyperfTest\Cases;
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use App\Api\DemoApi;
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use App\Logic\DemoLogic;
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use Hyperf\Di\Container;
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use Hyperf\Utils\ApplicationContext;
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use HyperfTest\HttpTestCase;
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use Mockery;
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class DemoLogicTest extends HttpTestCase
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{
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/**
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* @after
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*/
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public function tearDownAfterMethod()
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{
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Mockery::close();
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}
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public function testIndex()
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{
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$this->getContainer();
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$res = $this->getContainer()->get(DemoLogic::class)->test();
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$this->assertEquals(11, $res['status']);
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}
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/**
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* @return Container
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*/
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protected function getContainer()
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{
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$container = ApplicationContext::getContainer();
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$apiStub = $this->createMock(DemoApi::class);
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$apiStub->method('test')->willReturn([
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'status' => 11
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]);
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$container->getDefinitionSource()->addDefinition(DemoApi::class, function () use ($apiStub) {
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return $apiStub;
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});
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return $container;
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}
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}
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```
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# 单元测试覆盖率
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## 使用 phpdbg 生成单元测试覆盖率
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修改 `phpunit.xml` 文件内容为如下
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<phpunit backupGlobals="false"
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backupStaticAttributes="false"
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bootstrap="./test/bootstrap.php"
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colors="true"
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convertErrorsToExceptions="true"
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convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
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convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
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processIsolation="false"
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stopOnFailure="false">
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<testsuites>
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<testsuite name="Tests">
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<directory suffix="Test.php">./test</directory>
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</testsuite>
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</testsuites>
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<filter>
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// 需要生成单元测试覆盖率的文件
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<whitelist processUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist="false">
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<directory suffix=".php">./app</directory>
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</whitelist>
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</filter>
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<logging>
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<log type="coverage-html" target="cover/"/>
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</logging>
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</phpunit>
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```
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执行以下命令
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```shell
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phpdbg -dmemory_limit=1024M -qrr ./vendor/bin/co-phpunit -c phpunit.xml --colors=always
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```
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